The Consequences of Jordan's Accession to the World Trade Organization on Jordanian Food Security 1995-2022: The Agricultural Sector as a Model

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to examine the implications of Jordan's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the agricultural sector, local production, and the ability of domestic products to access global markets.

Methods: The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and statistical methods to answer research questions and test hypotheses. This was achieved by describing the phenomenon and analyzing its dimensions from a theoretical perspective, using economic indicators and available statistical data from various sources, and comparing statistical figures over the study years.

Results: The study revealed that the key aspects of food security related to food availability through local agricultural production were not significantly affected by Jordan's accession to the WTO. This was attributed to the protective measures implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture to safeguard local products from foreign competition. Furthermore, the study showed that Jordan has become an open market for global markets, importing certain food commodities such as wheat, barley, sugar, rice, and vegetable oils, with approximately 98% of its wheat and barley needs, and 100% of its rice and sugar being imported.

Conclusion: Despite Jordan's nearly 22-year membership in the WTO, the country still faces challenges in accessing global markets and adapting to WTO regulations. The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing internal measures to support the local agricultural sector, promoting innovation, skill development, and improving infrastructure to meet the requirements of importing countries.