The The Realism and Expressionism as a Dramatic Technique in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman: A Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism Study

Mahmood Hasan Zghair

doi:10.35516/Hum.2026.8730

Authors

Mahmood Hasan Zghair Geniuses High School for Outstanding Students. The General Directorate of Education-Al-Rusafa the Third. Ministry of Education. Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8149-4750

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.8730

Keywords:

Realism, expressionism, arthur miller, death of a salesman, psychoanalytic literary criticism

Abstract

Objectives: This study examines the use of realism and expressionism in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, through a psychoanalytic criticism approach. Realism is seen in the depiction of everyday life and relatable characters, while expressionism explores inner worlds, dreams, and the blending of past and present, using techniques like non-linear plot, circular events, and blurred lines between reality and fantasy.

Methods: The study analyzes how Arthur Miller employs realism and expressionism as dramatic techniques in Death of a Salesman. It explores how psychoanalytic criticism reveals the inner realities and conflicts of Miller and his characters, such as Willy, Biff, and Happy, reflecting his views on modern society. Primary sources, including Miller's text, identify his use of these techniques, while secondary sources apply a psychoanalytic lens to character behavior, providing deeper insights into their psyches.

Results: The analysis of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, focusing on realism and expressionism, reveals the main character Willy Loman and the conflicts of secondary characters. Realism presents tangible challenges, while expressionism explores the characters' subconscious through surreal sequences. Miller effectively uses these techniques to address complex themes.

Conclusions: The psychoanalytic analysis of Death of a Salesman examines the characters' conflicts, repressed memories, and psychological struggles using realism and expressionism. The play explores the unconscious minds of the characters, revealing their fears and desires through dream sequences and symbolism. It also explores gender roles and defense mechanisms, offering a deeper understanding of the characters and themes.

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