الاستلزام الحواري في مقابلة أوبرا وينفري التليفزيونية مع المجرمين: منظور تداولي
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.9532الكلمات المفتاحية:
البراغماتية، المحادثة العقلانية، الأرضية المشتركة، عدم الأمانة في التواصل.الملخص
الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف كيفية توظيف الجناة التضمين الحواري في التعامل مع الأسئلة المتعلقة بجرائمهم أثناء المقابلات في وسائل الإعلام. وكما هدفت الدرسة إلى التركيز بشكل خاص على فهم الأدوار والتكتيكات الخاصة بتورط المجرمين فيما يتعلق باستجاباتهم.
المنهجية: من خلال الاعتماد على المنهج النوعي الوصفي المتضمن في النظريات التداولية، عمدت هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة حالة آرون، وهو أمريكي مدان بقتل زوجته عام 2004 ، وقد تم عمل مقابلة معه من قبل شبكة أوبرا وينفري في كانون الأول عام 2004، وتضمنت أطر الدرسة مبدأ غرايس التعاوني 1975، والاستلزام الحواري، ونظرية التأدب 202، وتقنيات المراوغة 2022.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن المجرمين غالبا ما يخالفون قواعد المبدا التعاوني أثناء استخدام اللغة للتعبير عن رسالة أخرى تبرئهم من اللوم.وكما أظهرت الدراسة وأنه من بين جميع استراتيجيات الاستلزام، أن استخدام التهرب هو الاستراتيجية الأكثر شيوعًا لأنه يضمن عدم استجابة المجرم بطريقة فيها جانب من تجريمه أو تهديده ولا يطلب من خلالها العفو عن فعلته. وتظهر نتائج الدراسة أن مناقشة هذه الاستراتيجيات تضع المجرمين في المقابلات الإعلامية في موقف الممثلين الذين يعتمدون على التضمين أثناء الاستجابة ليتلاعبوا بنظرة الجمهور إليهم دون إجبارهم على قول الحقيقة.
الخلاصة: خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى بعض الاستنتاجات والتي من أهمها أن المجرمين يستخدمون أنماط الاتصال المؤشرية من خلال مخالفة قواعد المبدأ التعاوني لغرايس وانتهاكها. ولا تشكل هذه القواعد تقنيات للتحكم في المعلومات وإدارتها، ولكنها أيضًا حيل مفيدة لإخفاء ذنب الشخص ومنع تحميله المسؤولية.
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