Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences

Sociocultural Components and Construction of the Algerian Amazigh Identity

Amira Ahmed Kebabi — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The present study investigates the components constituting Algerian Amazigh identity, how they perceive themselves and others, and how other social groups perceive them.

Methods: To achieve these objectives, 20 Algerian Amazigh were interviewed, and 100 Arab Algerians were asked to respond to a questionnaire. The participants’ responses were analyzed within Van Dijk's (2007) socio-cognitive ‘ingroup-outgroup’ polarization framework.

Results: The findings indicate that Amazigh identity is constructed from multilayered identities; each layer reflects common attitudes and beliefs that are not static but negotiated. Amazigh identity can be represented by concentric circles radiating out from the central Amazigh group identity, interacting with other Amazigh groups' identities in the wider circle to form a homogeneous and cohesive group with shared interests. The Amazigh groups interact with the Arab community in a broader circle to develop a national identity, and then both interact with other communities in the wider peripheral circle. The questionnaire results show that Arab participants have positive perceptions of the Amazigh. However, the latter seem to have biased perceptions of Arabs due to faulty reasoning related mainly to political and social factors.

Conclusions: Amazigh identity is complex and layered, involving both internal group cohesion and external interactions with the Arab community. Despite positive perceptions from Arabs, the Amazigh hold biased views toward Arabs, shaped by historical and socio-political contexts.

Why Do 'Rhetorical' Speech Acts Emerge in Digital Era Communication?

Fauzi Rahman — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the factors driving the emergence of rhetorical speech acts in digital communication culture, particularly in food vlog content on YouTube. Rhetorical speech acts are proposed as a new category within illocutionary speech act theory, focusing on the use of rhetorical questions to influence, direct thinking, and emphasize points without expecting direct answers.

Methods: The method employed is qualitative with a netnographic approach, where data were collected from three prominent Indonesian food vloggers: Tanboy Kun, Nex Carlos, and Mgdalenaf.

Results: The study results show that rhetorical speech acts emerge as a way for vloggers to enhance audience engagement and highlight key points. Unlike conventional speech acts such as assertives, directives, and expressives, rhetorical speech acts focus more on creating cognitive and curious effects without requiring an explicit response.

Conclusion: The study recommends that rhetorical speech acts have become an essential component of dynamic and flexible digital communication, enriching speech act theory with new dimensions relevant to modern communication. This study also recommends further research on the application of rhetorical speech acts across various digital platforms and encourages content creators to optimize these strategies to enhance engagement and message effectiveness in digital interactions.

Marital Compatibility and its Relationship to Marital Variables: A Sociological Study on Married Libyan Women in Tripoli

Suad Ali Alshtawi Dhu — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The study aims to identify the dimensions of marital adjustment among Libyan wives in the city of Tripoli and to examine whether marital adjustment is influenced by the following variables: type of family, type of marriage, age difference between spouses, duration of marriage, and criteria for spouse selection.

Method: The study employed a social survey method using an available sample of 315 Libyan wives aged 18 years and older residing in the Andalus neighborhood of Tripoli.

Findings: The study found that the social dimension of marital adjustment ranked highest among Libyan wives in Tripoli (mean: 3.60), followed by emotional (3.44) and economic (3.06) dimensions. Significant differences in the social dimension favored nuclear families and traditional marriages. While the emotional dimension showed no differences by marriage type, it varied with age differences (5–10 years), shorter marriages (under 5 years), and spouse selection based on personality traits. The economic dimension showed no significant differences.

Conclusion: Despite the challenges and societal changes faced by Libyan society, Libyan wives in Tripoli's families continue to experience relatively consistent levels of marital adjustment across its various dimensions. This reflects positively on family unity and cohesion in addressing these challenges. The findings call for efforts by family-related entities to enhance and build on this cohesion to safeguard Libyan society and ensure its security and stability.

The Counseling Role of Social Workers in the Electronic Reality of Cyber Security

Ibrahim Ahmed Aladra — 2025-12-01

Objective: This study aimed to explore the key advisory roles of social workers in the context of modern cybersecurity, focusing on developmental, preventive, and intervention roles, as well as the challenges they face.

Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, with a sample of 30 specialists and practitioners working in cyber-security, network security, and information security. Data were collected through interviews as the primary tool.

Results: The findings highlighted the most prominent developmental (constructive) roles, including raising awareness, providing training to diverse societal groups, and acting as mediators for the exchange of scientific information. Key preventive roles identified were the enactment and enforcement of regulatory legislation and networking with related community institutions. As for intervention (therapeutic) roles, they included designing supportive professional programs and consulting external experts. The main challenges facing social workers were a lack of sufficient understanding of their importance and roles in the cybersecurity and information security domains, as well as the novelty of the field, leading to a shortage of mechanisms and action plans.

Conclusions: The study recommended establishing an administrative and social unit within organizations working in cybersecurity and network security to enable social workers to practice their profession with a high degree of professionalism and specialization.

Knowledge Economy and its Role in Serving Society in Jordanian Universities

Rima Mustafa Hassan Al-Nashash — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the role of the knowledge economy in serving the community within Jordanian universities.

Methods: This study employed the Analytic-Synthetic Approach, deemed suitable for the type of research. It relied on primary and secondary sources discussing the subject of the knowledge economy, as well as reports issued by organizations and institutions concerned with this topic. The study comprised three main axes: the first addressed the importance of the knowledge economy in Jordanian universities; the second examined the significance of community service in Jordanian universities; and the third explored the role of the knowledge economy in community service within Jordanian universities.

Results: The study highlighted the critical role of the knowledge economy in utilizing informational resources, advanced technologies, and human intellect as intellectual capital. It also underscored the importance of community service in fostering participation, solving societal challenges, and aligning research with production and service needs. Key roles of the knowledge economy include spreading knowledge, fostering innovation, linking academics to the labor market, opening new learning pathways, and enhancing learners' skills.

Conclusions: The study recommended spreading knowledge and fostering a problem-solving mindset. It emphasized aligning higher education curricula with societal needs, promoting knowledge production, and developing human capital. It also advocated identifying community needs to drive behavioral and developmental change, allocating university budgets to support growth and innovation, and strengthening partnerships between universities, private sector entities, and production institutions to address social and economic challenges.

Tribal Social Capital in Jordanian Society: A Sociological Study in the Southern Jordan Region

Ali Jameel Al-Sarayrah — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The study aims to investigate whether the tribe in Jordanian society serves as social capital for tribal members in the southern region of Jordan. This is achieved by examining components of tribal loyalty and the benefits it provides to individuals.

Methods: The study employed a social survey approach, using a multi-stage random sample of 350 males. Males were selected because they are considered the public representatives of the tribe in Jordanian society, including the southern governorates (Karak, Tafila, Ma’an, Aqaba). A questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection.

Results: The results indicated that the tribe in Jordanian society acts as tribal social capital and that tribal loyalty remains strong. Through this loyalty, individuals gain emotional support, which provides existential security and reassurance, as well as social strength. Tribal loyalty also provides individuals with a homogeneous reference framework. The study found statistically significant differences (at α≤0.05) in tribal loyalty based on place of residence, with higher loyalty observed among village residents compared to city residents. Tribal loyalty continues to represent social capital, particularly in rural areas.

Conclusion: Individuals in southern Jordan perceive the tribe as a source of social capital, offering emotional support, solidarity, networking, and access to scarce resources. Despite institutional, legal, and legislative developments in Jordanian society, these changes have not effectively dismantled the role or essence of the tribe. This has left modernity in Jordanian society largely superficial, with traditional units such as tribes maintaining their dominance over formal institutions.

The Reality of Digital Networks and Social and Political Interaction in Jordan

Rakan Abu Arabi Adwan — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the state of digital networks and their role in social and political interaction in Jordan.

Methods: The study employed a social survey methodology to describe phenomena related to digital networks. The sample consisted of 137 randomly selected students from the Faculty of Arts.

Results: The study revealed several key findings. The overall state of digital networks and their role in social and political interaction in Jordan was perceived as high, with an average score of 3.88 according to the participants. The results also indicated that the digital generation is highly capable of influencing public opinion and driving changes, with this aspect achieving an average score of 3.79. Additionally, young people showed a strong commitment to staying engaged with digital networks, reflected in an average score of 3.79. The findings further demonstrated that identity formation within the context of digital networks was generally high, with an average score of 3.67. One significant observation was the influence on national language through the use of virtual language, contributing to identity formation.

Conclusions: The study concluded that overcoming barriers to digital transformation and implementing necessary solutions are essential. It emphasized the importance of raising awareness about the ethics of digital network usage and preserving national identity through responsible use of virtual language.

Promoting Intellectual Security in Academia: The Crucial Role of Information Technology in Modern Education

Niveen Z. Halalsheh — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of Information Technology (IT) on intellectual security among university students in Jordan, with a focus on potential differences related to gender, academic specialization, and academic level.

Methods: The study included a sample of 640 university students in Jordan. Data were collected through a 35-item questionnaire specifically designed to assess the role of IT in promoting intellectual security. The validity and reliability of the instrument were verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and expert review.

Results: The findings indicate that IT has a significant positive impact on intellectual security among Jordanian university students. Gender analysis revealed that female students reported higher levels of intellectual security compared to their male counterparts. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between students from science-oriented and humanities disciplines. Conversely, notable differences were found based on academic level, with students at higher academic levels demonstrating greater understanding and more effective use of IT in enhancing intellectual security.

Conclusions: The study concludes that IT plays a critical role in enhancing the intellectual security of university students in Jordan, with notable differences based on gender and academic level. These insights highlight the importance of implementing targeted IT initiatives to promote intellectual security across diverse student groups.

Language, Social Media, and Climate Change: The Role of Language in Driving Climate Awareness in the Digital Age

Riki Nasrullah — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study examines the impact of linguistic choices on enhancing climate awareness in the modern digital environment, focusing specifically on social media platforms within the Indonesian sphere. The motivation for this research stems from the urgent nature of climate change, which has significantly affected public health, economic stability, and the sustainability of ecosystems throughout Indonesia. With Indonesia's number of social media users exceeding 191 million as of 2023, these online platforms hold tremendous potential for disseminating knowledge and raising awareness about climate issues. However, the frequent use of arcane language in climate change discussions often escapes the understanding of the general populace, thus hindering the generation of an effective response.

Methods: The study employed a quantitative survey approach with 120 participants, selected through stratified random sampling, to examine social media interaction patterns, climate change perceptions, and linguistic frameworks in climate-related discourse.

Results: The results of this investigation indicate a preference among many participants, especially young adults, to use social media primarily for entertainment rather than for environmental education. Despite this inclination, social media remains a crucial source of climate change information for a significant portion of those surveyed. It is observed that straightforward and contextually appropriate language is significantly more effective in conveying climate change information than employing intricate, specialized terminology.

Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for comprehensible language to promote a more comprehensive understanding and involvement with climate change matters, thus aiding the collective effort toward environmental conservation

The Role of Social Media in Raising Awareness about Preventing Violence against Women in Jordan

Mohammad khair bani domi — 2025-12-01

Objectives: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive global issue requiring immediate attention. Social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools in combating this violence by providing avenues for support, advocacy, and awareness. This study highlights the role of social media in raising awareness about violence against women, aiming to explore its impact and contribution to understanding and addressing this pressing issue.

Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted, utilizing in-depth interviews with 13 participants, including activists, advocates, writers, and researchers focused on violence against women. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results The results indicate that social media plays a critical role in increasing awareness about violence against women. However, societal values pose significant challenges for activists addressing this issue. The study underscores the importance of social media in empowering individuals and organizations to share personal stories and disseminate information about GBV. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers and organizations to design initiatives and workshops aimed at reducing violence against women.

Conclusion: Social media serves as a platform for survivors to share their stories and seek support. Campaigns on these platforms foster a sense of community responsibility by raising public awareness, challenging societal norms, and promoting discussions on GBV, ultimately contributing to societal change.

The Semiotics of the Press Photo of The Israeli War on Gaza -October 2023- In the German Press: “Der Spiegel” Magazine Cover as a Model

Alaa Turki Al-Mugheed — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The study aims to attempt to understand and interpret the dimensions of the semiological analysis of the images of the Israeli war on the Gaza Strip following the events of October 7, 2023, as reflected in the German press. This is achieved through a semiological analysis of the cover of Der Spiegel, one of the most prominent German magazines in Europe, which is published weekly.

Methods: The study adopted a survey methodology and Roland Barthes' approach to apply semiological analysis to the images by analyzing both the linguistic message and the connotative and denotative levels of the journalistic image. The researcher selected the cover of Der Spiegel as the study sample, using semiological analysis tools to examine six magazine covers from issues published between 14/10/2023 and 20/04/2024.

Results: The study found a clear disregard for mentioning Israeli violations against Palestinians. While acknowledging the deaths of thousands of Gaza civilians due to Israeli bombardment, Der Spiegel did not condemn Israel. The magazine focused on advocating for the protection of Jews in Germany, using historical justifications related to the Holocaust, while overlooking the suffering of Palestinians under 75 years of Israeli occupation and their denied right to statehood.

Conclusions: The study highlighted a bias towards the Israeli position, obscuring the true causes of the conflict, and framing Israel's aggression against Gaza as a war on terrorism.

The Impact of Random Content on TikTok on Youth Behavior

Tahseen Mohammad Anis Hassan Sharadga — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the impact of random content on TikTok platforms on youth behavior, factors affecting the spread of spam content on TikTok and to identify social and psychological challenges that young people might face as a result of exposure to random content on TikTok.

Methods: The survey method was used to achieve the study objective. To conduct the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire distributed to 28 faculty members from Yarmouk University, Zarqa University, and Middle East University.

Results: The results revealed that the impact of random content on TikTok varies between individuals, as some find it entertaining and enjoyable, while others consider it addictive and harmful to their mood. In addition, the results indicated that random content can negatively affect individuals' mental health by increasing feelings of anxiety and depression. Moreover, the study highlighted that using the TikTok platform can affect individuals' lifestyles, including their sleep and social relationships with family and friends.

Conclusion: The study concluded by emphasizing the urgent need to raise awareness of the importance of improving the content classification system and enhancing content control on TikTok to reduce the spread of random content, in addition to the creation of positive and useful content on TikTok to influence youth behavior.

Conversational Implicature in Oprah Winfrey TV Interview with Criminals: A Pragmatic Perspective

Abdullah Najim Abd Aliwie — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to explore how offenders employ conversational implicature in handling questions relating to their offences during interviews in media. Special emphasis is placed on comprehending the roles and tactics of implicating criminals concerning their responses.

Methods:. In adopting a descriptive qualitative approach embedded in pragmatic theories, this research targets a case study of Aaron, a former American convicted of murdering his wife in 2004, and a subsequent interview on the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN) on December 11,2004. Frameworks include Grice’s Cooperative Principle of 1975, the conversational implicature of 2020, the politeness theory of 2019, and the newly developed facework and evasion techniques of 2022.

Results:. The study results showed that criminals often violate Cooperative Principle maxims while using language to express another message that exonerates them of blame. The study results also showed that that among all the implicature strategies, the use of evasion is most common as it ensures the criminal does not respond in a way that will be compromising and does not appeal for forgiveness. This discussion situates criminals in media interviews as actors who rely on implicature while responding to shape how the audience perceives them without being forced to tell the truth.

Conclusions: This study has reached some conclusions, the most important of which is that criminals employ indexical communication patterns by violating Grice’s CP maxims or flouting them. These are not only techniques for controlling and managing information but also tricks helpful to hide one’s guilt and prevent one from being held responsible.

Egyptian University Youth’s Following of Content Creators on Social Platforms and its Relation to their Societal Concepts

Shamseldien F. M. — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The study aimed to monitor and trace the potential effects of content creators on university youth's societal concepts, taking into account the notion that influencers are one of the prominent phenomena growing on social media.

Methods: The study relied on the survey approach, where a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a purposive sample of (400) students at Cairo University and October 6 University in Egypt.

Results: The study results showed that that social media influencers have increasing influences on university students and their societal concepts according to the viewpoints they present to the youth. Also, content creation has become a profession out of which influences make huge profits. In the absence of regulatory frameworks for this phenomenon, its negative effects on their followers from the youth and society in general are increasing.

Conclusions: The study observes that the majority of influencers address serious issues without having any grounded academic background, and followers view them as opinionated people whose viewpoints and opinion should be adopted and embraced, and this may negatively affect the youth’s awarenees and perception of societal concepts. Thus, the study recommends establishing legislative and media regulatory frameworks for censoring and monitoring this phenomenon. It also recommends the need to qualify students of media colleges and institutes with the mechanisms for using digital platforms and their tools - in disseminating media and marketing messages. It also encourages state institutions to support some of influencers who are carefully selected to disseminate reliable information and news to confront rumors and false news.

Perception of Artificial Intelligence by Journalism Students at Yarmouk University and its Impact on their Production of Journalistic Content

Khaled Mahmoud Hailat — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the perception of journalism students at Yarmouk University regarding artificial intelligence and its impact on their use of technologies to produce journalistic content.

Methods: The study targeted students in the journalism department at Yarmouk University, second-year level and above, with a sample of 144 students. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model, a descriptive survey method was employed, using a questionnaire for data collection.

Results: The study found that students' perception of artificial intelligence, its tools, ethics, and usage was at a medium level. Only 13.19% used AI tools to produce journalistic content at a high level. The most popular tool was "ChatGPT," used at a medium level. Students primarily used AI for gathering primary information for journalistic production. The main motivation for using these technologies was time and workload reduction, cited by 18.77% of students. The study also revealed a statistically significant relationship between students' perception of AI and their usage of these technologies in journalistic content production.

Conclusions: Although students at Yarmouk University show a medium-level perception of artificial intelligence, enhancing their understanding is crucial, given the growing reliance on these technologies in the media. The study recommends including AI topics in academic courses and providing training for students.

The Effect of Tribal Identity on Youth Political Participation in Karak Governorate

Raafat Tarawineh — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impact of tribal identity on youth political participation in Al-Karak Governorate.

Methods: The study utilized a descriptive-analytical approach. The population consisted of 316,629 individuals in Al-Karak Governorate, from which a cluster random sample of 2,988 participants was selected, including 1,092 males and 1,896 females. A validated and reliable questionnaire was distributed to the sample.

Results: The results showed that Jordanian youth in Al-Karak perceive tribal identity at a high level, while their political participation was rated at a moderate level. Tribal identity was found to influence youth political participation in the governorate, with dimensions of tribal identity accounting for 76.5% of the variation in overall youth political participation.

Conclusion: The study recommends implementing awareness initiatives to encourage youth to overcome the negative aspects of tribal identity and addressing youth issues comprehensively to establish a foundation for genuine citizenship that transcends allegiance to specific groups or factions.

The Myth of Influence of Social Media in the 2024 Presidential Election: Insight from Indonesian Voters in India and Turkiye

Raegen Harahap — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study examines the influence of social media on the electoral decisions of Indonesian voters residing in India and Turkey during the 2024 presidential elections. Despite the prevalence of platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, YouTube, and WhatsApp as primary sources of political information, the findings reveal a complex and nuanced impact.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, surveying 87 respondents—university students, homemakers, and professionals—via Google Forms distributed through WhatsApp groups. Data collection spanned March to April 2024 in India and October 2024 in Turkey. Semi-structured Zoom interviews provided deeper insights into political preferences and emotional connections to presidential candidates. Results were cross-referenced with credible sources, including academic journals, to align with national trends.

Result: The survey revealed that 81.6% of respondents believed social media did not influence their voting decisions, while 17.2% felt it did. Students, the most active social media users, maintained stable political preferences, often citing dissatisfaction with Indonesia's political landscape over the past decade. Homemakers emerged as the most influenced group, whereas professionals expressed skepticism toward social media content, preferring trusted sources. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of media influence, shaped by educational background, professional status, and political experience, offering a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving voter behavior in a global context.

Conclusion: The findings challenge the presumed omnipotence of social media in shaping political outcomes, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced evaluation of its influence on electoral decisions.

From Energy Partners to Political Allies: Investigating Qatar and China's Changing Bilateral Dynamics

samer Mohammad alhajjat — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimes to identify the general trends in the development of Qatar-Chinese relations after 2013 at the level of economic and energy cooperation, and to investigate the statistical impact of the development of bilateral cooperation relations at those levels on the reality of the political distance between Qatar and China during the period 2013-2022. The study tries to answer the following key question: Did the growth of Qatari - Chinese relations in the areas of general economic cooperation and cooperation in energy and natural gas after 2013, that is, after China launched the Belt and Road Initiative, lead to a reduction in the political distance between the two parties?

Methods: The study used both the descriptive-statistical approach and the general trends approach,

Results: The study found that increasing pace of the general acceleration in economic and energy cooperation relations between Qatar and China after 2013 and following China's launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, the pace of political rapprochement between the two parties began to increase, and the political distance between them began to gradually shrink.

Conclusions: The study found that the concluded that the Qatar-Chinese strategic partnership is likely to experience several prerequisites in the coming years, contributing to the transfer of the strategic partnership to the level of a strategic alliance.

Principles of Good Governance and its Role in the Effectiveness of Jordanian Political Parties: A Study of Two Principles (Quality of Legislation, Participation and Accountability)

Bashar Awad Altarawneh — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the principles of good governance and their role in enhancing the effectiveness of Jordanian political parties by examining two key principles: the quality of legislation, and participation and accountability.

Methods: The study employed three approaches: the descriptive-analytical approach, the legal approach, and the comparative approach.

Results: The quality of Jordanian legislation concerning the effectiveness of political parties was slow to develop before 2022 and did not meet the requirements for effective party work. However, in that year, amendments to the Jordanian Constitution, as well as the Election and Party Laws, were enacted, establishing a significant improvement in the quality of political party legislation in Jordan, both presently and for the future.

The legislation, including the Constitution and the Election and Party Laws, contributed to promoting the principles of participation and accountability for political parties within the Jordanian political system, albeit to varying degrees.

Conclusions: Upon the completion of the preliminary stage of integrating political parties into the Jordanian political system, the Constitution must be amended to allow parties to participate in forming governments in the future, ensuring a higher standard of quality governance. The requirement for the number of party-affiliated members should be reduced to one-third, as stipulated in the Parties Law. An appropriate mechanism should be established to facilitate party alliances in elections at the local district level.

The Impact of the United States’s Presence on Chinese Influence in Africa (2000-2022)

Mesallam bin Talib bin Aqeel Al-Nabet — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This research aimed to explore the dynamic interplay between American and Chinese influence in Africa from 2000 to 2022, focusing on how U.S. presence impacts China's strategic positioning in the continent. The study also investigates the following pivotal question: In what ways does American presence affect Chinese influence in Africa during this period? The hypothesis posits that a heightened American presence inversely affects Chinese influence. This analysis stands out for its rigorous quantitative approach to U.S.-China competition in Africa, a perspective often overlooked in previous research.

Methods: This study used and employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with comparative case studies to examine the impact of US’ presence on Chinese influence in Africa (2000-2022).

Results: The study results showed that increased American engagement prompts China to bolster its influence aggressively to safeguard its political and economic interests. Furthermore, the research highlights the United States’ acute awareness of the implications of Chinese influence, as it poses a potential threat to American interests.

Conclusion: The study shows that the competition between the two powers is marked by convergent strategies, with China leveraging soft power as a counterbalance to the US’ military assertiveness on the continent.

Daoist Knights Division in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and Its Role in Protecting the Latin Christian Pilgrims to the Islamic East (493-583 AH / 110 0-1187 AD)

Manar Ahmed Mohammad Ibrahim — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study highlights the Daoist Order of Knights in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, explaining its role in protecting Latin pilgrims from Western Europe. It also examines its political and military influence in the Kingdom by tracing the circumstances surrounding its emergence and development, its founding charter, military organization, financial resources, and assessing its successes and failures.

Methods: The study relies on a historical and analytical approach, examining documents related to the laws of Daoism, along with contemporary sources and historical studies related to the order.

Results: The study concluded that the Daoist order, through its leaders, played a significant role in official councils and political missions in the Kingdom. It also participated in the battles the Kingdom of Jerusalem fought against the Muslims, particularly in its wars against Saladin, who succeeded in liberating Jerusalem and returning it to Islamic rule in 583 AH/1187 AD.

Conclusions: The Daoist group of monks emerged as a military band that combined religious monasticism with the ideals of chivalry. It played a key role in protecting Latin pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem, receiving political, military, and economic support from the papacy. The order emerged as a feudal military class, participating in political events and official councils within the Latin Kingdom.

Online Self-Disclosure and Its Relationship to Ego Strength Among Students at The University of Jordan

Mohammad Khalaf Alkhawaldeh — 2025-12-01

Objective: The study aimed to explore the relationship between online self-disclosure and ego strength among students at the University of Jordan.

Methods: A descriptive correlational approach was adopted, with a sample of 309 students. To achieve the study's objectives, two scales were developed: one for online self-disclosure and another for ego strength. The psychometric properties of both scales were verified.

Results: The findings indicated that the level of both positive and negative online self-disclosure was high, while the level of ego strength was moderate. A positive correlation was found between online self-disclosure and ego strength. Additionally, the results showed that first- and second-year students exhibited higher levels of online self-disclosure compared to third- and fourth-year students, whereas male students displayed higher ego strength levels than female students.

Conclusions: The study recommends designing and implementing counseling programs for university students to promote appropriate and balanced online self-disclosure and to strengthen ego resilience.

Cognitive Flexibility and its Relationship to Emotional (Surface- Deep) Labor Strategies among Kindergarten Female-Teachers in Khan Yunis Governorate

Ibrahim masri — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aims to identify the levels of cognitive flexibility and emotional labor strategies (surface and deep acting) among female kindergarten teachers in Khan Yunis Governorate. It also seeks to explore the relationship between cognitive flexibility and emotional labor strategies and pinpoint differences in these variables based on years of teaching experience. The study sample consists of 120 female kindergarten teachers.

Methods: The researchers utilized the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) and the Emotional Labor Strategies Scale (surface and deep acting) developed by Yang et al. (2019).

Results: Both cognitive flexibility and emotional labor strategies were at high levels. Years of teaching experience did not significantly affect cognitive flexibility or emotional labor strategies. Cognitive flexibility was found to have a positive correlation with deep acting but a negative correlation with surface acting.

Conclusions: The study emphasizes the necessity of encouraging kindergarten teachers to use deep acting as a positive emotional labor strategy since it may enhance their well-being and job satisfaction.

The Impact of an Integrated Humanistic Counselling Program Based on Spiritual Self-Schema and Satir Model Counselling program on Promoting Religious and Spiritual Congruence among Drug Users and their Families at an Addict Rehabilitation Center

Rand Basheer Arabiyat — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an integrative humanistic counseling program based on the Spiritual Self-Schema and Satir Model on enhancing religious-spiritual congruence among drug users and their families. The study also aimed to focus on individuals experiencing a decline in religious and spiritual congruence.

Methods: The study developed religious, spiritual, and congruence scales, which were validated for reliability, internal consistency, and content accuracy. The scales were administered as a pre-test to participants, who included ten drug users at the Arjan Rehabilitation Center in Amman, Jordan, along with family members. A nine-week counseling program was designed followed by six phases of the Satir Model and incorporating the religious-spiritual pathway. Family members participated in four sessions. Statistical analysis was applied to the e data collected.

Results: The study results showed a significant change in drug users’ self-perception, with an increased proclivity for a "spiritual self," viewing spiritual practices as part of the “Self,” and addictive traits as constituents of the “Other.” The results also showed that participants reported daily spiritual practices, enhanced spiritual experiences, and an improvement in congruence (intrapsychic, interpersonal, and universal–spiritual) among both drug users and their families.

Conclusions: The study recommends the continuation of support to drug users to strengthen their religious and spiritual congruence. The study also underscores the effectiveness of integrating spirituality and the Satir Model into counseling programs at rehabilitation centers to promote holistic recovery among drug users.

Mental Health Indicators and Coping Strategies in Light of Some Demographic Variables among a Sample of Migrants in Jordan

Faten Marwan Ziadat — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the relationship between mental health indicators and meditation techniques among a sample of migrants in Jordan. The study also aimed to identify the differences in the averages of mental health indicators and meditation techniques according to the variables of gender, nationality, and job type. The study sample consisted of 201 male and female migrants belonging to various governorates in Jordan.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 201 voluntary migrants in Jordan. The study used the descriptive correlational approach in addition to the employment of two scales of health indicators and meditation techniques.

Results: The study results showed sleep problems were the most prevalent among the mental health indicators, while suicidal thoughts were less prevalent. The study results also showed that religious adaptation was mostly used, while drug use was used less. The results also showed limited differences between the two sexes, yet depression rate was higher among females and suicidal thoughts and drug use were higher among males. Arab migrants exhibited higher levels in mental health problems, while non-Arab migrants showed higher levels in drug use. Non-Arabs preferred using various meditation strategies such as active adaptation and planning, while Arabs highly relied on religious adaptation. Also, the results indicated an increasing use of drugs among workers in agriculture, industry and construction. The results evidently showed correlational relations between some mental health indicators and meditation techniques.

Conclusion: The study recommends developing psychological support programs that may help migrants deal with sleep problems and address religious adaptation.

The Religious Sacred and its Transformations

Sonia Lotfy Alhelbawy — 2025-12-01

Objectivise: This research aims to establish the origins of sanctification in human thought and examine how humans have utilized their innate inclination toward the sacred. It explores expressions of this inclination through practices shaped by religious formation in some cultures, while others have retained a natural disposition despite occasional mythological or ideological influences. The primary objective is to shed light on this innate tendency toward sanctification, reverence, and awe for the divine, seeking to disentangle it from the obstacles that have hindered its realization of absolute truth.

Methods: The research employs both inductive and anthropological methods to trace the conceptual foundations of sanctification and identify its characteristics and manifestations. Additionally, it uses the historical method to investigate the roots of sanctification in human thought across its various stages.

Results: The study concludes that the pursuit of the sacred is an innate human sentiment, primarily distinguished by its connection to the divine. However, the manifestations of sanctification have varied throughout the evolution of human consciousness. This natural inclination requires religious grounding to clarify distinctions between sanctification and servitude, as well as between religious and cultural aspects of sanctification practices.

Conclusion: The research finds that humans cannot completely detach themselves from sanctification, whether experienced on a religious, cultural, or intellectual level. Recognizing the intrinsic nature of the sacred and its true association with the divine provides an important framework for reconciling various human perspectives whose practices have often obscured their underlying intentions.

The Religious Heritage in the Modern Bahraini Arabic Poetic Text “Sheikh Ibrahim bin Mohammed Al Khalifa” is a model

Raed waleed Amen — 2025-12-01

Objectives This research aims to examine the phenomenon of religious heritage in modern Bahraini Arabic poetry, with a focus on the poet Sheikh Ibrahim bin Mohammed Al Khalifa as a case study. The study seeks to explore how this heritage enriches the creative poetic experience and sheds light on its theoretical and practical aspects. The theoretical aspect clarifies the concept of religious heritage and its employment in poetic texts, while the practical aspect analyzes Sheikh Ibrahim bin Mohammed Al Khalifa’s use of religious heritage, highlighting his ability to blend the past and present in a novel manner.

Methods: The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach due to its effectiveness in deconstructing and analyzing the phenomenon into its fundamental components and elements of the creative process.

Results: The research concludes with significant findings, most notably the illumination of Sheikh Ibrahim bin Mohammed Al Khalifa’s poetic experience. The study reveals his adept engagement with heritage, utilizing its rich cultural, linguistic, and aesthetic elements in a profound and multifaceted manner.

Conclusion: Sheikh Ibrahim bin Mohammed Al Khalifa skillfully employed religious and historical heritage in his poetic compositions, relying on an objective framework that aligns with his emotions, philosophy, vision, and artistic sensibility. This precise utilization of heritage reflects a deep and structured relationship within the creative process between the poet and his art.

Smart Writing in Digital Political Discourse

Saleh bin Sulaiman Al klbani — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This research aims to demonstrate the representations of violence in speech act theory. It argues that when a speaker speaks, they act, perform, and influence; they are not merely providing reports or statements subject to truth and falsehood standards, but rather intend to create an impact on their audience. The study, based on its corpus, sought to scrutinize and confirm the types of forces used in digital political discourse during a crisis in the Middle East.

Methods: The research employed a pragmatic approach, starting with an examination of the corpus, then categorizing it into words, images, and clips, each containing a diverse set.

Results: Through the corpus, the research revealed that everyday natural communications are capable of mobilization and that this discourse is a linguistic material that requires and deserves examination, analysis, and the uncovering of its fallacies, strategies, methods, genres, and impacts. The research confirmed that violence through speech acts in digital discourse affects politics from various aspects.

Conclusions: The patterns of forces have evolved, not in terms of soft power and developments in dealings, but through language and its use in managing conflicts with both violence and non-violence, which the research refers to as politically smart writing.

Rejection Collocation in the Poetry of Al-Oubairid Ibn Al-Muaazar Al-Riahi: A Structural-Genetic Study

Lujain Mohammed Adnan Bitar — 2025-12-01

Objectives: The study focuses on a new literary aspect in Al-Oubairid’s poetry—rejection—and its manifestation, aiming to deepen the understanding of Umayyad literature and its interaction with the socio-political realities of the era.

Methods: Employing a structural-genetic approach, the research traces cognitive generators stemming from "rejection collocation" and their evolution. These generators, whether fostering authentic or flawed concepts, shape the Arab social fabric and often perpetuate inherited ideas. The study examines collocations of rejection related to separation, humiliation, animals, and women, highlighting how these notions influence traditions.

Results: "Rejection collocation," deeply rooted in Arab thought, allows researchers to deconstruct entrenched ideas by analyzing their origins and evolution. This process challenges unfounded claims and dismantles illusionary constructs, drawing insights from historical and cultural heritage.

Conclusion: The study underscores poetry’s role in shaping social consciousness, revealing intellectual binaries such as adherence and authority. Balancing modification and moderation exposes denial within thought structures, enriching the understanding of Arab intellectual heritage.

Semantic Fields in Pro-Palestinian Resistance Omani Poetry: “Fathun Qarīb” Poetry Collection as an Example

Hilal Bin Abdullah Al-Buraiki — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the semantic fields in the poetry collection Fathun Qarīb “A Close Opening” and investigate the artistic value of the simple utterances and structures that were employed in Omani poetry which supported the Palestinian resistance through conducting an in-depth analysis of some of poems of the poetry collection in question.

Methods: The study used an analytical descriptive approach to explore the semantic fields in the poetry collection and unearth the fields and aspects which support the Palestinian resistance and analyze them in an endeavor to test the extent to which Omani poetry was earnest in supporting the resistance in Palestine.

Results: The study results showed that Omani poets have succeeded to a large extent in employing the simple utterances and structures to support the Palestinian resistance in different military, religious, spatial, perilous and fragile semantic fields. This led to emphasize the artistic value of those fields.

Conclusion: The study consolidates the notion that Omani poets have successfully reflected the essence of their poetry collection in the poems which the researchers investigated in this study. The poetry collection has also helped bring the Palestinian cause back to the surface of interest in Arabic, local and international occasions or events in an endeavor to raise the spirits of Arabs in the battlefield and internationally.