ISSN: 1026-3721; e-ISSN: 2663-6190 Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Deanship of Scientific Research at the University of Jordan. The journal publishes twelve issues per year.Established in 1974, the journal was published exclusively in print until 2004. Between 2004 and 2017, it was issued in both print and online formats. Since 2017, the journal has been published exclusively online.The journal disseminates original research covering a broad range of disciplines within the humanities and social sciences.All articles are freely accessible under an open-access policy, ensuring wide availability of scholarly research.The journal is indexed in Scopus and other recognized academic databases.
Deanship of Scientific Research, The University of Jordan
Marital Compatibility and Its Relationship with Psychological Hardiness among Married Postgraduate Female Students at Tafila Technical University
Objectives:This study aimed to determine the level of marital adjustment and psychological resilience among married female postgraduate students and to explore the nature of the relationship between these two variables within this group. Method:The study adopted a descriptive correlational approach. To achieve its objectives, two scales were developed: the Marital Adjustment Scale and the Psychological Resilience Scale. The study sample consisted of 150 married female postgraduate students from Tafila Technical University. Results:The findings indicated that the level of marital adjustment among participants was high, with its dimensions ranked as follows: family adjustment, emotional-psychological adjustment, intellectual adjustment, and economic adjustment. The results also showed a high level of psychological resilience, with its dimensions ranked in the following order: control, commitment, and challenge. Additionally, the study revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between marital adjustment and psychological resilience. Conclusions:The study concluded that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between marital adjustment and psychological resilience, suggesting that enhancing one of these factors may contribute to improving the other.
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Marital Bullying and Its Relationship to Sleep Disorders in Working and Non-Working Wives in Riyadh
Objectives: This study aims to identify the relationship between marital bullying and sleep disorders among a sample of wives in Riyadh. It also seeks to examine the differences in marital bullying and sleep disorders based on the work variable (working vs. non-working) and to identify the positive impact of marital bullying on sleep disorders among the wives in the study sample. Methods The study followed a descriptive comparative correlational approach, with a sample of 320 wives in Riyadh. The sample was divided into 112 working wives and 208 non-working wives. The study used scales developed by the researcher to measure marital bullying and sleep disorders. Results: The study found a strong positive correlation between marital bullying and sleep disorders among wives. There were significant differences in the average scores on the marital bullying scale, with working wives showing higher scores. Similarly, differences in sleep disorder scores favored working wives. Conclusions: The study recommends enhancing the role of media in raising public awareness about the dangers of bullying and its psychological effects. It also emphasizes the need for religious institutions to encourage compassion, affection, and respect in marital relationships. Furthermore, the study suggests organizing training courses for individuals about to marry, focusing on effective partner interaction.
Parents’ Awareness of Intellectual Extremism Among Their Children and Strategies to Confront It in Saudi Families
Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of intellectual extremism among children and its relationship with strategies to confront it. Methods: A social survey method was employed on a random sample of 2,018 parents aged 40 to 70 years. The study utilized two measurement scales: one for intellectual extremism and another for strategies to counteract it. Results: The findings indicated that the overall level of intellectual extremism was below average, with political extremism being the most prevalent, followed by religious, social, and cultural extremism. Mothers exhibited higher levels of cultural extremism, while fathers showed higher levels of religious and political extremism. Individuals with lower educational attainment demonstrated higher levels of intellectual, political, and social extremism. Intellectual, cultural, and social extremism was more prevalent among those with lower income levels. Strategies to confront intellectual extremism were widely implemented, with intellectual immunization being the most frequently used strategy, followed by dialogue and participation, critical thinking, life experience, and digital monitoring. Intellectual immunization was more common among those with secondary education, while dialogue and participation were more prevalent among those with intermediate education. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between protection strategies against intellectual extremism and the level of extremism itself. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of raising children with love and acceptance, fostering constructive societal dialogue on complex issues, and safeguarding them against harmful ideological influences.
Marriage and Family Counseling Competencies among The Workers of Family Reform and Reconciliation Offices in The Jordanian Supreme Judge Department and Its Relationship to Occupational Stressors
Objective This study aimed to explore the marriage and family counseling competencies among the workers of family reform and reconciliation offices in Jordanian supreme judge department and its Relationship with Occupational stressors. Method: The study used the descriptive correlational approach. Marriage and family counseling competencies scale and occupational stressors scale were developed and their psychometric properties were functionally appropriate when they were extracted. The study sample consisted of (126) workers of family reform and reconciliation offices in the Jordanian Supreme Judge Department in Amman، the capital city. Results: The study results indicated that the level of marriage and family counseling competencies among the workers of family reform and reconciliation offices was high، while the level of occupational stressors was moderate. Furthermore، the study revealed an inverse correlation between marriage and family counseling competencies and occupational stressors. Conclusions: The study recommends Training and supervision programs to reduce the occupational stressors among the workers of family reform and reconciliation offices.
Investigating the Effects of Parental Involvement on the Social and Emotional Development of Kindergarten Children in Jordan
Objectives: This study aims to explore how parental involvement influences the social and emotional development of kindergarten children in Jordan, considering the country’s unique cultural and socioeconomic contexts. Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates quantitative data from a cross-sectional survey involving 200 parents of kindergarten-aged children and qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with parents, teachers, and school administrators. Children’s social and emotional competencies were quantitatively assessed using the Social-Emotional Assessment/Evaluation Measure (SEAM). Results: Quantitative analyses revealed that high levels of parental involvement, particularly in educational activities, were strongly correlated with better social and emotional outcomes in children (r = 0.45, p < 0.01 for self-regulation; r = 0.50, p < 0.01 for social communication). Qualitative findings complemented these results, highlighting that effective communication with teachers and regular attendance at school events significantly contribute to positive developmental outcomes. Furthermore, barriers such as conflicting work schedules and limited educational resources were identified, influencing the degree of parental engagement. Conclusions: The findings underscore the significant influence of parental involvement on the social and emotional development of children in Jordan, advocating for the implementation of culturally sensitive educational policies and practices that promote and facilitate parental engagement. This study emphasizes the necessity of developing targeted interventions that address identified barriers to parental involvement, thereby enhancing the educational experiences and developmental trajectories of kindergarten children.
The Challenges Faced by Nonprofit Civil Society Organizations Engaged in Music in Amman from the Perspective of Administrators
Objectives: This study explores the challenges faced by non-profit civil society organizations focused on music in Amman, from the perspective of their officials. It highlights key factors affecting their ability to achieve cultural and educational goals, particularly in communities facing social, economic, and cultural challenges, including those hosting large numbers of refugee children. The study also analyzes these challenges and proposes practical recommendations to support and enhance the resilience of these organizations. Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative and quantitative data. It includes interviews with officials from organizations such as the Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation, Tajalla, Action for Hope, Madrasati Initiative, Caritas Jordan, Ruwwad, and the Jordanian Women’s Union. Additionally, quantitative data from institutional reports and music program statistics were analyzed using a reconciliation approach to ensure a comprehensive and precise evaluation. Results: The study identifies social, cultural, and economic challenges, including community acceptance, difficulties in organizing music sessions, and funding shortages affecting program sustainability. It also highlights the positive impact of music on students’ skills and community engagement. Conclusions: The study offers recommendations to enhance the sustainability of music programs, emphasizing the importance of local and international partnerships to ensure their continuity amid changing circumstances.
The Impact of Wallace’s Model on Academic Achievement and Visual Thinking Development Among Art Students in the Perspective Course
Objectives: The current research aims to identify the effect of Wallace’s model on academic achievement and the development of visual thinking among art students in the perspective course. Methods: The experimental method was employed with two groups (control and experimental). A simple random sample of 80 third-year male and female students from the College of Basic Education، Department of Art Education، Al-Mustansiriyah University، was selected. Academic achievement and visual thinking tests specifically designed for the perspective course were used. The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of these tests were established to ensure their applicability. Results: The findings revealed that students in the experimental group، who were taught using Wallace’s instructional model، outperformed students in the control group، who were taught using traditional methods، in both academic achievement and visual thinking tests for the perspective course. Conclusion: Teaching through Wallace’s instructional model، with its creative steps (preparation، incubation، illumination، and verification)، led to greater student engagement in artistic practices. The model fostered creativity، enhanced collaborative skills، and improved teamwork. This contributed to increased academic achievement and the development of visual thinking in the perspective course.
Utilizing Part to Represent the Whole by Employing Interior Design Principles “Design Works as been Shown Through the Silver Jubilee Celebrations of His Majesty King Abdullah the Second “as a Case Study”
Objectives: This study explores traditional Jordanian decorative and cultural patterns through design works in the Silver Jubilee celebrations, utilizing interior design principles to highlight key heritage features. It examines two showcases from Salt and Karak, celebrating the 25th anniversary of King Abdullah II’s reign. The study also analyzes how visual arts embody Jordanian cultural identity in contemporary design and celebratory arts. Method: Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study evaluates the Silver Jubilee celebrations through three main aspects: (1) logo design and its cultural inspirations, (2) traditional attire worn by the Queen and princesses, reflecting Jordan’s historical depth, and (3) showcases demonstrating the link between design principles and Jordanian heritage. This analysis underscores the role of traditional decorative elements as artistic and historical resources in enhancing cultural understanding. Results: Findings reveal an increasing academic focus on abstraction in design and documenting Jordanian heritage motifs and principles. The study highlights how modern creative arts foster students' innovation and artistic expression. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the role of educators in preserving and reviving Jordanian heritage through academic research and by encouraging students to integrate traditional patterns into contemporary design. It also examines their connection to creative composition fundamentals as a reference for student projects.
Representation of Women in the Jordanian National Assembly, both Representatives and Notables (1947-2024)
Objectives: This study examines the evolution of women's representation in the Jordanian House of Representatives and Senate from 1947 to 2024. It traces this development from the enactment of the Jordanian Constitution No. (3) in 1947, which established the National Assembly comprising both chambers and entrusted them, alongside the King, with legislative authority, up to the present day in 2024. Methods: The study employs a historical approach to track the progression of women's representation in the House of Representatives and the Senate over the period 1947–2024. Additionally, it adopts analytical and legal methodologies to interpret the factors that contributed to this development. Results: The study reveals that women's membership in the House of Representatives between 1993 and 2016 ranged from 1 to 20 members, following a generally upward trend, peaking in the 18th Parliament with the highest female representation. However, this number declined in the 19th Parliament in 2020 before rising again in the 20th Parliament in 2024, reaching 27 seats. In the Senate, there have been 29 sessions since 1947. Women's participation in the Senate began in the 16th session in 1989, marking the first female representation in its history. Since then, the number of female members in the Senate has ranged between 1 and 10, also following a relatively upward trajectory. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of continuing both official and grassroots efforts to enhance women's ability to contribute effectively to shaping the future.
Cebes's Paradox The problem of suicide in Cioran's philosophy
Objectives: This study examines the issue of suicide as discussed by the French philosopher Emil Cioran, exploring the reasons behind his analysis and the ultimate goal of his philosophical inquiry. Was his approach purely theoretical, or was he seeking practical solutions? Additionally, the study investigates the methods he employed in analyzing this issue and evaluates the objectivity of his conclusions. Methods: The research employs historical and descriptive methods to present Cioran’s ideas and their connection to his personal experiences. A comparative approach is used to assess his influences, while a critical analytical method is applied to evaluate his arguments. Results: The study concludes that Cioran's views on suicide exhibit significant inconsistency—at times endorsing it and at other times rejecting it. He failed to provide a concrete solution for confronting suicide, instead advocating for absurdism and equating life with death. Furthermore, his perspectives were influenced by reactions to his writings, leading him to adopt reconciliatory positions that justified his ideas without acknowledging their contradictions. Conclusions: Addressing suicide from a philosophical, rather than psychological, lens, Cioran viewed life as inherently tragic, questioning its worth and the right to end it. He explored religious and psychological deterrents to suicide but failed to provide a coherent resolution, emphasizing the need for a broader philosophical approach beyond nihilism.
Portrait of the Accountant in the Peruvian Literature according to José Antonio De Lavalle: The Accountant's Daughter (1893)
Objectives: Peruvian literature presents among its first exponents José De Lavalle, catalogued as a traditionalist with a strong attachment and longing for the Spanish presence in Peru. His novel “La hija del Contador” (The Accountant's Daughter, 1893) provides us with a testimony of the image and personality of the accountant of his time. The article shows the dynamics of literature interrelated with history and accounting, the latter as the moral context of the character. Methods: The qualitative, interpretative phenomenological method is used. It interacts with the literary piece with its own attributes assigned by the story, context and space. And from there, the author's intentions are reinterpreted considering the contributions of other Peruvian literary authors. Finally, the characteristics of the profile of the professional accountant are extracted. Results: The first result is that the accountant's personality characteristics are associated with the verbs: to support, to sustain and to comfort. As characteristics of professional performance, his competence, teamwork and ethical independence stand out. Conclusions: The image projected by a professional accountant according to the literature within the framework of Peruvian history is one of transparency and integrity. His character as a person can be read in his daily activities and in the decisions, he makes in his life. This journey into the past can remind accountants of the role they should model in the society of the 21st century, despite revolutions, wars, elections and the perpetual uncertainty of the future.
Islamic Social Sciences Methodology: An Integrated Framework
Objectives: The paper aims to develop an integrated methodological framework for Islamic social sciences by combining elements from Islamic methodologies and legacies with Western theoretical concepts and empirical methods to produce beneficial knowledge. Methods: The paper is a conceptual research that builds an Islamic social science methodology by integrating the methodological concepts and methods from both Islamic discourses and Western scientific approaches. After presenting the foundational principles based on the existing literature, the paper develops a five-phase integrated methodological framework for Islamic social sciences. Results: The Islamic social science methodological framework constitutes five phases. First, idea generation and selection of research topic. Second, developing a normative theory by using the values and principles of Sharia, heritage and relevant concepts from Western theoretical constructs. Third, the theoretical inferences are tested against the practice using qualitative, quantitative and mixed scientific methods of collecting and analysing data and information. Fourth, identifying the gaps between theory and practice. Finally, using an iterative process to reduce the divergences by reframing the theoretical constructs and/or changing the practices by applying suitable policies. Conclusions: The knowledge produced by Islamic social science methodology should be beneficial to help build moral societies and enhance human welfare. The integrated methodology uses revelation and reason to carry out normative and positive analyses iteratively to produce beneficial Islamic social science knowledge. Knowledge creation must also be a dynamic ‘becoming process’ and evolve as the social realities, structures, and problems change over time.
Binā’ of the Subject's Tā’ (the First-Person Singular Pronoun Tā’) on the Fatḥah When Predicating the Past Tense Verb in the Sudanese Dialect: A Study in Modern Linguistics
Objectives: This research highlights the Sudanese dialect, responds to advocates of Sudaneseism, and records a linguistic phenomenon that is rare in Classical Arabic and its dialects but exists in Sudanese colloquial language—namely, the phenomenon of constructing the subject's Tā’ (the first-person singular pronoun Tā’) with fatḥah when attached to a past tense verb. This phenomenon has not been addressed by scholars before, as it has either vanished or evolved due to linguistic development over time. Methods: The research employs the inductive, descriptive, and analytical approach, utilizing Optimality Theory (OT) and the "harmonic evaluation table" to determine the level of optimality of the phenomenon both grammatically and in usage. Results: The study concluded that the phenomenon falls within a linguistically acceptable level according to modern linguistic analysis. It refutes the claim of Sudaneseism as an independent language and proposes logical and realistic solutions to address issues of identity and language in Sudan from an objective and neutral perspective, free from ethnic, sectarian, or racial biases. Conclusion: As unusual as this phenomenon may seem, it is linguistically acceptable from the perspective of modern linguistics. Furthermore, it is not exclusive to Sudan in a way that supports the notion of Sudaneseism, as it also extends to some regions in Africa and Salalah in Oman.
The Semiotics of the Cognitive Image in the Image are Stereotypical by the Tool (ma) and the Superlative Noun (afal) in Ancient Arabic Poetry
Objectives: This study explores the cognitive state of the stereotyped image in classical Arabic poetry, focusing on knowledge acquisition, thought, experience, and perception. It examines the semiotic and cognitive links in poetic imagery to understand the cognitive framework of its creation and how it shapes timeless poetic texts. Methods: The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach in analyzing selected poetic models. These models share a unified stylistic framework and exhibit structural similarities while differing in image generation and interactions. The chosen texts represent a stereotyped image that relies on the negation tools and the superlative form. Results: The study reveals a tangible relationship between semiotics and cognition. It also demonstrates that the classical Arabic poet relied on imagery as an attributive device to express sensory emotions or to manifest cognitive processes. The study argues that poetic imagery, through its linguistic structure, emerges from intellectual operations shaped within a specific cultural framework. However, the interaction between the mind and language transforms these linguistic structures into a conceptual text, facilitated by the semiotic nature of the poetic image. Conclusion: This study confirms that the poetic image is a mental process based on the interaction of memory, experience, and inference, with cognitive reasoning controlling its formation. The research also establishes a framework for understanding poetic imagery within a set of scientific terms, including emotion, cognitive elements, systematic imprinting, stylistic categories, iconic imagery, textual achievement, inference, and response theory.
How Rarely Al-Qari Refers to Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami in his Book Al-Mirqat
Objectives: This study examines the accuracy of Al-Qari’s claim in Mirqat Al-Mafatih Sharh Mishkat Al-Masabih that Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami made unusual linguistic interpretations. It aims to clarify their scholarly disagreement and determine whether Al-Qari’s critique is valid. Methods: The study follows an analytical approach based on established linguistic principles to assess the correctness of Ibn Hajar’s interpretations. Results: The study identifies instances where Al-Qari deemed Ibn Hajar’s interpretations unusual. It finds that while Al-Qari is sometimes justified in his critique, in other cases, Ibn Hajar’s interpretations are linguistically valid. Additionally, Al-Qari often relies on earlier scholars, and his use of Ighrab (unusual interpretation) does not necessarily indicate error but rather complexity or rarity. Conclusions: The study confirms that many of Ibn Hajar’s interpretations have valid linguistic foundations. It is divided into two sections: one analyzing nouns and the other examining verbs and particles, with each section structured around specific linguistic issues.
The Crisis of Creating Critical Terminology in Modern Arabic Lexicons: "Colonialism" as a Model
Objectives: This study aims to shed light on the crisis of critical terminology development in modern Arabic lexicography by examining the key mechanisms used in term formation, such as translation and derivation. It particularly focuses on the challenges of translating Western critical terms—specifically the term colonialism within the Arabic cultural framework. Methods: The research adopts a combined theoretical and applied approach. It first analyzes the fundamental principles and methods underlying term formation in Arabic dictionaries. This theoretical perspective is then applied to the term colonialism to examine how it is translated and represented in Arabic culture. As such, this study falls within the field of applied linguistics, particularly terminology and lexicography studies. Results:. The study reveals that translated terms, such as colonialism, often lose their original connotations or are interpreted in contexts that do not fully reflect their essence. This issue primarily arises from the lack of a clear methodological framework for translation and conceptual adaptation within modern Arabic lexicography. Conclusions: The study concludes that the crisis of critical terminology in modern Arabic lexicography stems from the absence of a systematic and well-defined methodology for transferring concepts and terms from other languages and cultures. This results in semantic distortions and the misplacement of terms in contexts that fail to capture their true meanings. Through a case study of the term colonialism, the research demonstrates that direct translation often leads to epistemological and cultural challenges that hinder effective cross-cultural communication. The study emphasizes the need for an integrated lexicographical methodology to enrich Arabic dictionaries with accurately translated critical terms while preserving the linguistic and cultural specificity of Arabic.
Travel and travels A semantic and linguistic study
Objectives: This study examines the two semantic units safar (travel) and asfār (journeys), their morphological derivations, and their usage in linguistic texts and dictionaries. It aims to explore the relationship between these two lexical items and analyze the influence of linguistic borrowing between Arabic and other languages. Methods: Using historical and comparative methods, the study traces linguistic usage through foundational, social, and lexicographical stages, analyzing morphological patterns that introduce new meanings or semantic shifts. The comparative approach examines similarities and differences between Arabic and other Semitic and non-Semitic languages, integrating both methods to analyze contexts and extract key findings. Results: The study shows that some Semitic languages share the form and meaning of safar, indicating a common heritage. Persian afshār influenced the Arabic plural asfār, leading to new semantics. The resemblance between asfār and similar forms in other Semitic languages suggests Arabic borrowed and adapted this structure, with the Qur'an applying it contextually. Conclusion: The Arabic language distinguishes itself through its use of the root safar in the pattern (fa‘ala), from which multiple derivations have emerged. The augmented form asfara (on the af‘ala pattern) retains a meaning closely related to its triliteral root. Additionally, the noun sifr developed a distinct meaning from safar. The study also highlights the semantic evolution of safar over time, illustrating how modern usage has led to the creation of new lexical items derived from the same root, such as sifārah (embassy), safīr (ambassador), and jawāz as-safar (passport)—a political term that represents a semantic shift.
Subalternization in Arabic Novel: A Case Study of Indian Tribes in Samih Masoed’s Hoshalaja
Objectives: This study aims to find out the form of American subalternization of the Indian tribe as a marginalized group depicted in the Hoshelaja by Samih Masoed. This study investigates and analyses how the process of subalternization is displayed through characters and narratives that reflect the social, political, and cultural conditions that marginalize Indian tribes in the context of the story. Methods: This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Spivak's postcolonial analysis. Data were collected through intensive reading, translation, and note-taking of relevant quotes from Hoshelaja. Analysis was conducted on characters, dialogues, and narratives to identify forms of subalternization in social, political, and cultural contexts. Result: The results show that the forms of subalternization of Indians in the Hoshelaja manifest as discrimination (sexism and racism); transformation (cultural colonialism and trade acquisition); distribution (human resources) Conclusion: This study concludes that the form of subalternization is not only manifested through physical oppression of the subaltern, but also through the political system, trade, education and culture. The analysis of Indian characters in Hoshelaja provides valuable insight into the broader mechanisms of subalternization, which are also relevant to Arabic literature. Themes such a cultural marginalization, colonial influence, and systemic oppression can similarly be explored in Arabic literary works. Therefore, the researcher recommends further analysis of subalternization in Arabic literature to uncover parallel dynamics and contribute to a comparative understanding of marginalized voice.
Syntactic Deviations and Stylistic Aesthetics in Mahmoud Darwish's Poem "Al-Mutanabbi's Journey to Egypt"
Objectives: This study examines stylistic deviation and its importance in the creation of meaning in poetry, especially through its defining poetic features. Contemporary poets unlock Poetry's latent potential through structural innovation, as it thrives on semantic alteration and rhythmic artistry. By transforming everyday settings into captivating worlds, they infuse their art with vitality and poetic resonance. This study highlights the stylistic devices that support this phenomenon, using Mahmoud Darwish's "Al-Mutanabbi's Journey to Egypt" as a case study. Methods: To examine the poem's artistic complexities, the scholars used a stylistic method. This method offers a lens for a thorough comprehensive examination of the aesthetic qualities and dimensions of stylistic deviation. Results: This study determines that Darwish employs stylistic aesthetics, especially through syntactic deviation. Techniques like syntactic inversion, omission, apostrophe, the interplay of expectation and unpredictability, and dissonant metaphor endow the poem with elegant and linguistic richness. These artistic subtleties reflect the poet's somber contemplation of the grim Arab reality, wherein repressive governments that have abandoned the true enemy, and now turn their oppression repressive against their own citizens and resistance groups. Conclusions: The study concludes by recommending a reassessment Darwish's "Hissar li-Mada'eh al-Bahr" through the perspective of reception theory. This collection is replete with inventive stylistic devices that deepen the creative complexity of deviation and increase the suggestiveness of language, providing extensive material for future academic research.
The Praises of Ali bin Al Jahm: A Reading of their Cultural Patterns
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the praises of Ali bin AL Jahm in an endeavor to determine their apparent cultural patterns and show the extent to which those poems succeeded or failed in becoming a publicity that tame the culture consumers and control their consciousness helping to achieve the goals of the agency’s power. Method: The study used the cultural critical approach which utilizes its tool to detect hidden or implicit patterns in the discourse to show how those patterns consolidate their dominion and impose their own conditions on the receptionist. Results: The study results showed that the explicit patterns which Ibn Al-JAhm categorized into to the model ruler or the tribal patterns effectively achieved the ideological goal of the regime’s agency. Conclusion: This study asserts the notion that Ibn Al- Jahm was not a committed poet to incarnate the patterns which the cultural heritage school acknowledged except for the poems in which he praised Al Mutawakil. The study also showed that he partially followed those patterns in his praises of Al Mu’tasem an Al Wathiq in spite of the fact that those patterns did not go in line with his cultural as well as religious convictions.
Vocal Performances and Their Impact on Clarity of Meaning
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the fundamental role of vocal performances that accompany linguistic structure in guiding and understanding meanings and sustaining communication between interlocuters. It also aims to elucidate the role of non-linguistic factors, such as intonation, length, pauses, and other phonetic features, in comprehending the emotional and social meanings and implications that contribute to the transmission of the message from the speaker to the listener, influencing them and achieving communication between them. Method: The research followed a descriptive analytical approach that involved describing non-linguistic phenomena (supra-structural) and attempting to apply some of these phenomena as ornamental features with multiple functions on verses from the Holy Quran to demonstrate their impact on utterances in terms of construction and interpretation. Results: The study results showed that the manner in which the speakers perform the speech, their tone and voice intonation, known in modern linguistics as ornamental features, are essential characteristics that serve the communicative situation, conveying meaning and revealing the speaker's intent in ways that cannot be provided by information based solely on linguistic units. Often, the vocal performance is decisive in interpreting many grammatical aspects and solving their problems, such as modes of interrogation, enticement, specification, astonishment, and calling, especially when something is omitted from them. Conclusion: The study asserts the notion that vocal performance reflects the nature of the dialogue between the speaker and the addressee; the phonetic features that accompany the linguistic structure, such as intonation, length, and pauses, act as indicators that enable the listener to fathom the intended meaning, by translating them into linguistic elements. These elements contribute to ensuring the message is conveyed and communication is sustained between the interlocuters.
Attitudes of Public Relations Practitioners in Jordanian Commercial Institutions Toward Commitment to Public Relations Ethics
Objectives: The study aims to identify the attitudes of public relations practitioners in Jordanian commercial institutions toward a commitment to public relations ethics. Methods: The study belongs to the field of descriptive studies، conducting a questionnaire survey to collect data from a sample of 100 public relations practitioners working in Jordanian commercial institutions. Results: The findings revealed that most Jordanian public relations practitioners possess awareness and knowledge of public relations ethics، with a percentage of 69%. Their attitudes toward these ethics were notably high، particularly in commitment to guidelines and regulations from senior management، with a mean score of 4.34. Commitment to religious principles emerged as a key factor influencing the ethics of public relations practitioners، with a high mean score of 3.94، followed by societal values and customs with a mean score of 3.78. Conversely، the respondents' attitudes toward formalizing the ethics of public relations practice were moderate، with the highest being the establishment of a binding ethical framework and holding accountable those who violate these ethics، with equal average scores of 3.00. Conclusion: The study concluded that several factors influence the commitment of public relations practitioners to professional ethics، the most important of which are religion and societal values. The respondents emphasized the importance of regulating the ethics of public relations by establishing an ethical framework that practitioners must follow and holding accountable those who violate these ethics. The study recommended the need to set standards and rules for the ethics of public relations work by a specific authority to ensure that practitioners in Jordanian institutions adhere to them، in order to preserve the profession.
Employing Digital Public Relations in Encouraging the Tourism Industry in Jordan
Objectives: This research explores the pivotal role of public relations in the tourism sector, focusing on its significance, functions, and practical applications in promoting tourism in Jordan. It aims to highlight how public relations can enhance the positioning of Jordanian tourism both locally and internationally. Methods: A quantitative methodology was used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of public relations efforts in Jordan's tourism sector, specifically among public relations practitioners. The study emphasized the role of two-way communication and the use of social media as a powerful tool for tourism promotion. Results: The study revealed that visual content, such as images and videos, is one of the most effective tools in public relations campaigns. However, challenges such as limited technical expertise, resource constraints, and the diverse needs of the target audience hinder the optimal utilization of social media platforms. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for a specialized theoretical framework for public relations tailored to the tourism industry. This framework should incorporate strategies based on mutual understanding, accountability, and data-driven decision-making to enhance promotional efforts and ensure sustainable growth in the tourism sector.
Digital Documentary Cinema: The Social and Cultural Impact on Media Students at Yarmouk University
Objectives: To examine the cultural and social influences resulting from journalism and media students at Yarmouk University being exposed to documentary films via digital platforms. The study also explores the relationship between artistic construction elements in digital documentary films and their impact on students. Methodology: A descriptive survey method was employed using a questionnaire to collect data. The study population consisted of journalism and media students at the Faculty of Media, Yarmouk University, with a purposive sample of 285 students. Results: The findings indicate that smartphones are the most commonly used device for watching digital documentary films (45.3%). The most frequently used platforms are Al Jazeera 360 (75.8%), YouTube (51.6%), and Netflix (41.1%). Artistic and creative elements in digital documentary films play a major role in attracting viewers, achieving a high general arithmetic average of 2.46. Respondents perceived digital documentary films as highlighting both positive societal behaviors and topics conflicting with Arab customs and traditions. The digital transformation of documentary cinema has introduced new production and consumption methods, significantly impacting cultural and social aspects. Conclusion: Digital documentary cinema has a strong cultural and social influence on students, particularly in fostering an interest in heritage, diverse cultures, and enriching knowledge of scientific and cultural affairs.
Digital Media and Its Impact on Enhancing Arabic Language Learning from the Perspective of Students at the Arab Open University in Jordan
Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of digital media on enhancing Arabic language learning among students enrolled in Arabic language courses at the Arab Open University in Jordan. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive survey approach and included a randomly selected sample of 214 students enrolled in Arabic language courses at the Arab Open University in Jordan. Participants completed a validated questionnaire that was tested for reliability and validity. Results: The results revealed that digital media significantly contributes to enhancing Arabic language learning across all examined areas, with varying mean scores for different aspects. The areas were ranked as follows: (1) the type of digital media content within the context of Arabic language education, (2) the perceived benefits of digital media, and (3) the source of digital media. Additionally, the findings indicated no statistically significant differences based on the duration of daily digital media use. However, significant differences were observed based on academic qualification, favoring students with a higher diploma in education and those with a bachelor's degree in journalism and media over those with a bachelor's degree in elementary education. Conclusions: The study recommends prioritizing the quality and sources of digital media content used in language learning, particularly by those responsible for designing educational materials in multimedia platforms, given its crucial role in enhancing Arabic language acquisition among university students.
Jordanian Public Attitudes Towards Digital Governmental Communication Activities Related to Sustainable Development
Objectives: This study aimed to identifiy the attitudes of the Jordanian public towards the digital governmental communication activities related to sustainable development. Methodology: The study has implemented a questionnaire to a sample of 400 individuals from the Jordanian public who aged 18 years or older. The authors have applied Excellence theory in PR, and used the descriptive approach. Results: The study results showed that the jordanians public’s primary source of information on sustainable development is derived from websites. The most prominent attitudes towards governmental communication activities related to the ‘quality of two-way communication’ about sustainable development is ‘balancing the goals of sustainable development with the needs of the public to enhance positive participation’. Regarding the attitudes related to ‘communication aimed at the public,’ the statement ‘disseminating awareness messages to different segments of the public to improve their understanding of sustainable development’ is the most emerging. Similarly, the attitudes related to ‘managing strategic communication’, the statement ‘aligning communication messages with sustainable development goals to enhance public understanding and participation" has achieved a mean of 3.82. In the attitudes related to ‘relationship management’, the statement "building trust and transparent relationships with the public to support sustainable development" has scored a mean of 3.62. Overall, the Jordanian public attitudes towards the governmental communication activities have a medium level mean of 3.65. Conclusion: The study recommends the necessity of organizing public awareness campaigns and comprehensive educational content about sustainable development to support publics’ understanding. The authors suggest improving the communication strategies and digital content of the ministry of government communication to become more effective and interactive.
Virtual Laboratories in Learning Modern Languages: Usage Degrees and Obstacles
Objectives: This study examines the extent of virtual lab usage in modern language learning among university students in Jordan and the challenges they face. Methods: A descriptive survey approach is used, focusing on studying the phenomenon as it is, providing both qualitative and quantitative insights. Results: The results indicate a high level of virtual lab usage in modern language learning among Jordanian university students, alongside significant challenges hindering their use. Conclusions: The study recommends securing funding for virtual labs in language departments, fostering collaboration between public and private universities to optimize available resources, and integrating virtual labs with students' devices to enable self-paced language learning beyond time and location constraints.
Between Zaatari Camp and the City of Zagreb: Language Learning as an Empowerment Tool for Syrian Refugees
Objectives: This article examines the role of language learning as an empowerment tool for forcibly displaced migrants, beyond its practical utility and contribution to socio-professional integration. The study focuses on a Syrian population who fled the country after the war's outbreak in 2011, currently residing in two distinct settings: The Zaatari camp in Jordan and the city of Zagreb in Croatia. Methods: The study explores the characteristics of these new living environments, often marked by hyper-precarity, and investigates the emerging linguistic realities encountered by displaced individuals. It is based on two ethnographic surveys conducted in these distinct contexts. Results: The findings show that learning English in the Zaatari camp and Croatian in Zagreb helps Syrians express themselves directly, without intermediaries. Language acquisition boosts their self-esteem and allows them to break free from the reductive "refugee" label perpetuated by humanitarian, governmental, and media discourses. The study also highlights the linguistic policies of Syrian families in exile, particularly the parentification of their children. Conclusions: This study provides complementary perspectives that deepen our understanding of language practices in forced displacement, especially in contrasting settings such as a closed camp and an open urban environment like Zagreb.
Gender Integration Policies within the Jordanian Armed Forces
Objectives: This study aimed to provide a theoretical overview of political literature related to women's studies and gender issues, examine the reality of gender empowerment in the Jordanian Armed Forces, and identify opportunities and aspirations regarding gender issues within this context. It also analyzed the relationship between gender issues and trends in gender militarization in Jordan. Methods: The study employed a historical approach to describe the gender perspective on women in political literature. Additionally, it utilized a descriptive-analytical method to examine policies and strategies that contribute to women's empowerment and integration into the Jordanian Armed Forces, exploring associated challenges and opportunities. Results: The findings revealed that the Jordanian Armed Forces have adopted an approach to empower women and integrate them into the military structure through a national strategy aimed at enhancing their participation. These efforts align with national policies promoting gender equality and NATO’s objectives. Conclusions: Despite challenges in implementing gender integration strategies within the Jordanian Armed Forces, there are promising opportunities for women’s empowerment and inclusion. Progress is being made through national programs, strategic initiatives, and international military agreements.
International Criminal Law and Its Role in Reducing Gross Human Rights Violations in the Israeli War on the Gaza Strip 2023/2024
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) while examining the structural failures of the United Nations system in mitigating severe human rights violations in the Gaza Strip since 2023. Methods: The study employs a legal approach to analyze the mechanisms of international criminal justice, particularly the ICJ and ICC, in accordance with international law. Additionally, a descriptive analytical method is utilized to examine Israel’s grave human rights violations in Gaza. Results: Israel's violations of international criminal law principles constitute international crimes subject to the jurisdiction of international criminal courts. The charges against Israeli leaders align with the provisions of the Rome Statute, specifically Article 7, which addresses crimes against humanity, and Article 8, which pertains to war crimes. Israel’s decision to launch an offensive against Gaza, resulting in civilian casualties and the deprivation of essential supplies and humanitarian aid, constitutes a crime under the Rome Statute. Conclusions: The study calls on international lawmakers to implement measures that reinforce the principle of international and individual accountability for damages resulting from both international and non-international conflicts. Additionally, it urges the adoption of urgent actions to ensure the immediate enforcement of a permanent ceasefire in Gaza.
The _Role of Global Television News Networks in International Conflicts
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the role of international television news networks in international conflicts. Methods:.This study used the descriptive analytical approach and the comparative analysis approach by analyzing the role of global television news networks in international conflicts, especifically the American global television networks, French networks, networks in the Middle East, Russian networks, and finally Chinese networks, to determine how these television networks cover the current international conflicts. The study also aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of how these networks portrayed and dealt with the Israeli war on Gaza Strip in 2023, and compared it with the way those networkd potrayed and preseted the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022. Results:. The study results showed that the attitudes and perspectives that the majority of global television news networks hold toward international conflicts are influenced by the foreign policies of their countries, their interests, and the interests of their allies. The study also showed that global television news networks in the United States, Russia, and China reflected the implicit and explicit state of competition in the structure of the international system. Conclusions: The study asserted the otion that global television news networks are considered one of the most prominent tools for managing war and global conflicts, as the development of satellite broadcasting has led to a multiplicity of stories and narratives related to disputes and conflicts at the global level.