Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences

The Strategy of Small States to Maintain National Security: A Case Study of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Mohammed Torki Bani Salameh — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the behavior of small Arab Gulf states (Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the UAE) within regional and international systems. It focused on analyzing the security strategies these states employ to safeguard their national security in a complex regional context. Additionally, the study explored how these states adapt to structural changes in the international system and effectively mitigate pressures and threats from neighboring major powers.

Methods: A comprehensive scientific approach was adopted, incorporating systems analysis to evaluate internal and external variables. Regional analysis was used to study interactions between these states and their surroundings, while a comparative approach was employed to assess and contrast their security strategies.

Results: The findings revealed that these small Gulf states implement similar internal policies to strengthen their domestic front, including controlled political openness and reinforced governance. However, their external strategies vary significantly: Bahrain aligned with major powers, Qatar and Kuwait assumed mediator roles, the UAE engaged in regional crises, and Oman adhered to a policy of neutrality and non-involvement.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the "bandwagoning" strategy frequently adopted by these small Gulf states reduces regional threats, enhances security, and strengthens their independence in foreign policy decision-making. This strategy has proven effective in ensuring their survival and resilience within a volatile regional environment.

Factors Influencing Women's Fertility Rates in Jordan: The Impact of Marriage Age, Education, and Employment

Abdullah Omar Bataineh, Ahmad Helmy Nofal, Wisam Fakhry Hazimeh — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This paper examines the causal impact of women's marriage age, education level, and employment status on fertility rates in Jordan from 1991 to 2023.

Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed, utilizing quantitative data from the World Bank and the Jordanian Department of Statistics (DoS), along with qualitative data collected through two semi-structured Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and a questionnaire. Various simple and multiple linear regression models were applied to analyze the relationship between four independent variables (secondary education, tertiary education, employment, and marriage age) and one dependent variable (fertility rate) over 33 years. The qualitative data were analyzed to complement the quantitative findings, enhancing their reliability and providing a deeper understanding of the trends.

Results: The analysis revealed strong statistical evidence of a significant impact of women's education, employment, and marriage age on fertility rates, with variations observed for each factor. However, challenges persist in balancing fertility rates among women who are unemployed, less empowered, living in camps or rural areas, married early, working in private or non-profit sectors, and those employed in the public sector.

Conclusions: The study recommends that the Jordanian government target its efforts to regulate fertility rates more effectively, focusing on women in rural and camp areas. It suggests enhancing women's empowerment through vocational education and economic participation opportunities and launching campaigns to raise awareness of modern family planning methods.

The Arab League and Comprehensive Economic Security (2019-2023): An Analytical Study of Economic Indicators

Mohammed Ahmad Al Mogdad — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to assess the role of the Arab League in achieving comprehensive economic security between 2019 and 2023, nearly eight decades after its establishment. It focuses on analyzing key economic indicators to evaluate the organization's effectiveness in addressing economic challenges.

Methods: The study employs a statistical analysis approach and the school of indicators to examine economic issues directly linked to the Arab League's inability to achieve comprehensive economic security. Additionally, the theoretical frameworks of interdependence and regional integration are utilized to measure economic indicator sectors among member countries.

Results: The findings reveal weak cooperation and interdependence among most Arab countries. Economic indicators related to food security, economic growth, and high rates of inflation, unemployment, and poverty demonstrate significant challenges in achieving comprehensive economic security. The study emphasizes that implementing a regional economic system requires a new political strategy grounded in regional integration and interdependence.

Conclusions: The study concludes that a negative correlation exists between current economic indicators and the attainment of comprehensive economic security within the Arab League. Achieving this goal necessitates strengthened Arab cooperation, fostering a collective will, and leveraging the capacities of economically advanced countries to support integrated development plans that address the needs of less developed nations.

US Alliance Policy in Indo-Pacific under Biden Administration

Danah Ali Sarhan Alenezi — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to monitor and analyze the significance and purpose of US alliance policy in the Indo-Pacific under Biden administration.

Methods: the study is relying on the balance of threat theory with a focus on Snyder's alliance perception to present a rational analysis to the purpose of the US alliance policy, and its future.

Results: The study proved the validity of its hypotheses that there is a connection between alliance policy and the decline of US power, especially against China. The latter has become a very tremendous power so that the US cannot undermine it alone; it needs the allies. Also, there is a direct connection between the existence of shared values among the allies and the Ease of forming and sustaining alliances.

Conclusions: the study has concluded that China is the most dangerous strategic challenge to US hegemony, and the Indo-Pacific region is the most decisive region in the US-China struggle for global hegemony. The policy of mobilizing alliances is the optimal or most realistic strategy for the US to undermine China's power, especially in the Indo-Pacific. On this basis, the Biden administration revived the Quad and established the Security Alliance AUKUS. Finally, the US alliance policy faces a set of serious challenges, most notably the growing isolationist trend within the US in light of the dominance of the Trumpism phenomenon.

Domestic Violence from the Perspective of the Abused Women at Al-Wifaq Family House

Nisreen Mahmod Mohammad Al-Karaki — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: The study aimed to identify demographic factors of abused women residing in Dar Al-Wefaq, as well as to know the extent of their exposure to violence in childhood, and to explore whether any family member practices violent behavior against children.

Methodology: The study used descriptive approach, as study sample consisted of 18 abused women who frequent Dar Al-Wefaq Family. The study tool was also constructed through questionnaire that measures prevalence of violence within family and the extent to which abused women were exposed to violence in childhood, in addition to transmission of violence between family members.

Results: The results showed that married women are more exposed to violence, increasing number of children in family associated with increased rates of domestic violence. Furthermore, abused women were working and educated, they were exposed to violence from their families during childhood and were exposed to it by their husbands in their new families. The most common type of violence was physical violence, followed by economic, psychological and emotional neglect. The study showed that all members of abused family were exposed to violence within family, the mother being most violent towards the children, followed by siblings, and most common types of violence practiced by the mother were neglect and psychological violence.

Conclusion:It was found that violence is transmitted among members of society through learning, as abused women went through experiences of domestic violence from their families, and violence was transmitted to their new families.

Generational Gender differentiation amongst the Jordanian families: comparative sociological study between parents and children

Ali Jameel Al-Sarayrah, Mohammed Abdel Karim Al Hourani, Rania Ahmed Jaber — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: The study aimed to explore intergenerational gender differences among parents, mothers, and male and female children. It focused on measuring the gender distance based on the “egalitarianism tendency” criterion and examining the relationship between social, economic, and demographic features and the content of intergenerational gender differences among parents and children.

Methods: The study employed the social survey method, selecting a simple random sample of 1,000 students and 1,000 parents (fathers and mothers). A questionnaire was used to collect data, which was then analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The findings revealed that fathers and male children exhibit traditional gender differences, while mothers and female children display more liberal gender differences. The generational distance between parents, mothers, and male and female children was found to be minimal. Statistically significant differences were observed at the 0.05 level for all variables except for the practical situation of parents.

Conclusions: The study suggests the creation of a competitive environment across all sectors of society based on efficiency and merit. It recommends efforts to change prevailing cultural concepts through education and media to address gender disparities.

Measuring Tourist’s Satisfaction in Qatar

Noora Mohammed Abdulla Almohannadi — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors influencing international tourists' satisfaction with their tourism experience in Qatar.

Methods: The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 430 international tourists at major tourist sites in Qatar.

Findings: The statistical analysis results indicated a significant positive impact of the quality of tourism services, the diversity of activities and events, and the alignment of the experience with tourists' expectations on their overall satisfaction with the trip. The findings also revealed a positive relationship between tourists' satisfaction and their intention to revisit Qatar and recommend it to others.

Conclusion: The study provides important insights into the factors influencing international tourists' satisfaction in Qatar. The results highlight the significant impact of service quality, diversity of activities, and expectation alignment on overall satisfaction.

The Conceptualization and Translation of Building Metaphors in Politics: A Comparative Study between Arabic and English

Khuzami Muflih Arrdaini, Bashar Osama Almaani — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to investigate how metaphors related to the domain of ‘building’ are used in political discourse. The study also seeks to identify linguistic and conceptual metaphors, their use, and their effects, as well as analyze the approaches involved in translating metaphors

Methods: The methodology draws on a combination of conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), and translation theories proposed by Newmark (1988) and Schäffner (2004). The data of this research is a selection of speeches delivered by Abdullah II, king of Jordan and former President Trump.

Results: The study revealed that the metaphorical domain ‘building’ is widely used in politics, as metaphors from this domain are an effective tool for politicians to convey their viewpoints on a variety of political issues and complex policy positions. Such metaphors aim to depict goals as shared responsibilities; they also emphasize the need for cooperation between political leaders and the public.

Conclusions: Metaphors are powerful linguistic tools in politics, which is why many political figures frequently rely on them. Furthermore, it has been argued that despite the differences between the two languages, they both use ‘building’ metaphors similarly.

Alien Invasion of Earth: Examining Ecological and Existential Themes in Jeff Vandermeer's Area X: The Southern Reach Trilogy

Sara Kalil Abu Zannad — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study explores the redefinition of the weird fiction genre through environmental and existential themes, using Jeff VanderMeer’s Southern Reach trilogy as its primary context. The research examines how contemporary weird fiction intertwines with ecological concerns and existential dilemmas to critique human exploitation and environmental degradation in the modern world.

Methods: The study employs a thematic analysis, summarizing key arguments and themes presented in VanderMeer’s Area X trilogy.

Results: The trilogy represents environmental collapse through the transformative and enigmatic landscape of Area X, which serves as an allegory for real-world ecological degradation and its profound psychological impacts. This portrayal critiques the destructive relationship between humans and nature. Additionally, the narrative explores the loss of identity, as characters confront the unknown, symbolizing humanity’s alienation from nature. This existential loss challenges the belief in human dominance over nature and individual autonomy. Furthermore, the work employs surreal elements and existential ambiguity to evoke a profound sense of psychological disorientation, highlighting the complexity of environmental crises in the Anthropocene.

Conclusions: This study positions weird fiction as both a narrative strategy and a foundational framework for addressing urgent psychological and environmental issues in the face of ongoing ecological crises. The findings challenge the notion that weird fiction lacks explicit environmental significance by demonstrating how the genre functions as a powerful lens for ecocritical analysis. Weird fiction thus serves a critical role in examining the psychological and ecological consequences of human actions in the Anthropocene.

The Role of Translation Theory in Preparing Professional Translators: A Descriptive Analysis Study

Nader N. Albkower — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to enhance the understanding of the interaction between theory and practice and its role in enriching real-world translation practices. It examines translation comments and strategic decisions made by translation students who have received at least three years of training in both practical and theoretical translation.

Methods: The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, using data from 246 translation tasks completed by 20 students enrolled in a practical translation training course. Each task contained approximately 1,000 words. The translation comments covered a variety of texts, including legal, promotional, educational, media, general, and technical content. The researcher selected diverse text types to address a wide range of challenges translators may encounter in professional settings. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed to analyse students’ translation decisions and comments, assessing the impact of theoretical approaches on their choices. Each student was given four days to submit their translation, along with a detailed explanation of the applied theories, their justifications, and whether they were used independently or in combination with others.

Results: The study revealed that the majority of students (62.19%) did not apply translation theories in their work, which reduced the consideration of cultural and contextual factors in the translation process.

Conclusions: The study recommends revising translation curricula to achieve a better balance between theory and practice.

The Relationship between Population Growth and Land Use Dynamics in Understanding Inward and Outward Migration in Southern Jordan

Hind Khaled Sarayrah, Wissam Yahia Hayek — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: The study aims to analyze changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in the southern governorates of Jordan—Karak, Ma'an, Tafila, and Aqaba—over the period 1994–2023. It further examines the extent to which these changes have been influenced by migration patterns, employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and time-series analysis.

Methods: The research methodology focused on understanding demographic changes. so, Time-series data were used to identify patterns and trends in population distribution, assisting in monitoring the influence of migration on demographic structure over time. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative analyses were combined to provide a comprehensive perspective, with quantitative analysis focusing on numerical data such as migration rates and population counts, while qualitative analysis explored sociological and cultural factors that affect land use and migration dynamic

Results: The results of the study indicate that migration patterns in southern Jordan are primarily driven by economic and spatial factors, with Where it is considered Aqaba governorate the primary receiving area for migrants while other regions (Karak, Ma'an, Tafila (experience negative net migration due to insufficient infrastructure and job opportunities.

Conclusions: Migration trends have significantly impacted receiving areas, leading to increased urbanization that strains infrastructure and services. This expansion has caused land-use shifts, with residential areas replacing agricultural and industrial lands, driving up housing demand and property prices. These changes underscore the need for strategic urban planning and infrastructure investments for sustainable development.

Study Space at Home and the Role of Interior Architecture Design in a Post-Pandemic

Osama Hassan Ismail Ali, Mahmoud Ahmed Ismail — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study explored the interior design of home study areas and the impact of the pandemic on the necessity of remote learning. It highlighted principles and standards specific to designing such spaces, which are often absent or inadequately equipped in modern homes. The study aimed to demonstrate the importance of designing these spaces with pandemic implications in mind, presenting a design model to meet residents' needs. It examined the role of interior design in creating these spaces, reducing disease spread, and helping residents adapt to the pandemic’s conditions. The hypothesis discussed was that appropriate study space designs can fulfill residents' needs, particularly during quarantine periods, allowing them to effectively study and maintain health and safety.

Methods: The study used descriptive, analytical, and quantitative methodologies, including a questionnaire, along with an applied approach.

Results: The study found that designing spaces suitable for pandemic conditions can meet residents' needs during quarantine and curfew. These designs allow them to study and engage in activities at home while ensuring health and safety.

ConclusionS: A proposed design model was presented, illustrating the concept of interior design for home study spaces during epidemic outbreaks.

Balancing between Freedom of Expression and Criminal Accountability for Journalists under Jordanian Legislation

Ashraf Fatehi Al-Rai, Nayel Musa Alomran — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to discuss the concept of freedom of opinion and expression for journalists, as well as the legal responsibilities they must adhere to under Jordanian legislation. It also clarifies the rights and duties of journalists, balancing them within the framework of professional and legal responsibility and public order.

Methods: The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to systematically analyze and categorize legal texts, shedding light on the regulations and rights governing the work of journalists in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It examined legal texts related to press and media freedom, international conventions, and constitutional provisions, providing a comprehensive perspective on the challenges faced by journalists, their responsibilities, and their rights.

Results: The study concluded that several Jordanian laws address press and media freedom, but some provisions are conflicting, while others lack clarity, hindering journalists' work and creating obstacles for them. Additionally, the study highlighted the legal and media landscape in various countries and discussed contradictory legal texts.

Conclusion: The study emphasized the importance of balancing the rights and duties of journalists and the necessity for them to adhere to the constitution, international conventions, and effective laws to ensure press freedom within the framework of legal responsibility.

Attitudes of the Emirati Muslim Public Towards Using Holy Quran Applications and its Sciences on Smart-Phones: Sharjah Emirate Public as a Model

Khalid Ibrahim Abdelaziz Ishag, Samira Setoutah — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the attitudes of the Emirati Muslim public toward using Holy Quran applications and related sciences on smartphones and to assess the extent of their usage.

Methods: A descriptive survey approach was employed, using a validated questionnaire distributed to an available sample of 404 users of Holy Quran applications in the Emirate of Sharjah.

Results: The study found that the benefits of using Holy Quran applications include ease of navigation, quick search for verses, surahs, and sections, the ability to copy and share verses via social media, access to multiple recitations by renowned readers, availability of translated readings in various languages, and resources for interpretation, understanding, and contemplation of the Quran. Users expressed their intent to continue using these applications as they meet their expectations and encourage Quran recitation. They also indicated a willingness to recommend them to others. Additionally, the study revealed a correlation between users’ perceptions of ease of use and their attitudes toward continued use in the future.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the significance of these applications in Quran reading and learning. The study recommends that developers implement a mechanism allowing users to control advertisements associated with their Internet service provider.

The Impact of Using Social Media on Voters in the Jordanian Parliament Elections 2024

Obaidah Ali Alrbabah — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the impact of social media platforms on voters in the 2024 Jordanian parliamentary elections and their inclination toward using these platforms during the elections. It also sought to examine the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects of reliance on social media in this electoral process.

Method: A quantitative approach was used to determine the relationship between variables and to answer the study’s questions. A purposive sampling method was employed to collect data from respondents through a questionnaire. Additionally, the SPSS program was used to analyze the study data.

Results: The study found that 44.1% of participants rely, to varying degrees, on social media platforms as a source of information about the 2024 Jordanian parliamentary elections. A positive relationship was also found between respondents' reliance on social media for election-related information and their inclination to follow these platforms during the elections. Moreover, the study revealed that cognitive and emotional influences positively impact the behavioral effects on respondents who use social media as an information source for the elections.

Conclusion: The study concluded that social media platforms play a significant role in influencing parliamentary elections and political participation. Therefore, the findings provide valuable data for future research on political participation.

The impact of content marketing strategy via social media platforms on customer experience: an applied study on Med Care Medical Clinic

Rana Mohammed Al-Suhaimi, Layla Abed Al-Youbi — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the extent to which content marketing strategy is implemented across social media platforms at Medcare Medical Clinic, considering its dimensions (relevance, credibility, value, attractiveness, and emotion). It also sought to determine the success of customer experience with its dimensions (sensory experience, emotional experience, cognitive experience, behavioral experience, and social experience) at Medcare Medical Clinic. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the impact of the content marketing strategy across social media platforms on customer experience at Medcare Medical Clinic by examining the impact of the dimensions of the content marketing strategy across social media platforms.

Methods: case study approach was used to identify the effect of applying content marking via social media platforms and effects on customer experience at Med Care Medical Clinic, questionnaire tool was used as the primary data collection instrument to collecting data from a sample of 322 clients.

Results: the most important result The study has reached is Medical Clinic implements content marketing strategy to a high degree, and that customer experience there is equally positive. The study also revealed that content marketing strategy has a 60% influence on customer experience at Medcare Medical Clinic.

Conclusions: The study found strong evidence of content marketing strategy implementation at Medcare Medical Clinic, with a corresponding positive effect on customer experience. Consequently, a proposed content marketing strategy framework for social media platforms was developed to further optimize customer experience at clinic.

Employing Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Television Image Quality and Improve Broadcasting Techniques

Malik Rehab Alazzah — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the extent of artificial intelligence (AI) utilization in enhancing television image quality and broadcasting techniques. It also examined the reliance of TV channel employees on AI in media production and the impact of this technology on quality and performance improvement.

Methods: A descriptive survey approach was employed. The study population included employees from local TV channels (Jordan Television, Al-Mamlaka Channel, and Roya Channel). A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 250 individuals. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS to address the study questions.

Results: Respondents demonstrated a high level of knowledge about AI techniques and tools, recognizing their significance and effectiveness in improving television image quality and broadcasting methods. The study found no statistically significant differences (α ≥ 0.05) in AI utilization based on gender, education, or job type.

Conclusions: The study recommends expanding the adoption of AI applications across television channels, as they enhance efficiency by saving time and effort while ensuring speed and high accuracy in performance.

Analyzing Representation of Police Reputation and Image: A Bibliometric Analysis of Police Reputation and Image in Media

Anwar Sani, Suwandi Sumartias, Hanny Hafiar, Nurzali Ismail — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: Public perception of the police is influenced by media coverage. This study aims to map research related to the image and reputation of the police in media coverage.

Methods: This research uses a bibliometrics approach. The research data was obtained from the Scopus database.

Results: Our results found 433 articles and provide an overview of the evolution and current state of research in police reputation and image in the last 28 years. The study found that the trend of police reputation and image publications continues to increase. The results indicate that researchers in this field have investigated a wide range of topics that can be grouped into four broad areas: police, policing and media channels, police and public, police brutality, and crime.

Conclusions: This study implies that police should pay greater attention to news coverage in mainstream media. Police must realize that public opinion cannot be formed simply by increasing social media presence. Conducting evaluations and updates in community policing can be a solution to improve the police's image and reputation.

The Arab Islamic Philosophy between Fairness and Unfairness: The Orientalist Vision

Rami Jamil Salem — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: Historically, orientalist studies addressing Arab Islamic philosophy have been divided into two perspectives—fair and unfair. This study aims to explore the orientalist vision of Arab Islamic philosophy by discussing both positions and demonstrating the attitudes of prominent orientalists, thereby revealing the argumentative debate and contradictions between them.

Methods: The study adopts a historical-critical approach, recognizing its value in understanding the history of both orientalism and Arab Islamic thought, while critically analyzing their developments.

Results: The study finds that the orientalist view of Arab Islamic philosophy was one of the most controversial and debated topics among orientalists, resulting in a division into two dissenting groups. Each group had its own supporters, with the group holding an unfair attitude disparaging the originality of Islamic philosophy based on unsubstantiated allegations and misrepresentations. Furthermore, the study reveals that orientalist research on Islamic philosophy was often fragmented, addressing certain questions or focusing on specific philosophers. These studies were influenced by the traditional European tendency to either ignore or undermine Islamic philosophy, even over trivial misrepresentations.

Conclusions: The study concludes that the fair view of Islamic philosophy, which presents a more objective and influential perspective, was more significant and widespread than the unfair group’s stance.

Decree of King Jaime I in 648 AH/1251 CE in the city of Xàtiva

Mohammad Ali Al Mazawdah, Gazi Fanatel Al Etaneh — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study investigates then decree that King James I issued in 648 AH / 1251 CE in the city of Xàtiva. The study outlines the thirty-one articles constituting the decree, analyzes its content, and explores the motivations behind its issuance and its outcomes.

Methods: The study employed the historical-analytical descriptive method, focusing on a document containing a decree issued in the year 648 AH/1251 CE in the city of Shatiba, and connecting the provisions of the decree to the political, social, and economic conditions in the same period.

Results: The study reached many results, the most important of which is, the designation of the suburb of Xàtiva as the residential area for its Muslim inhabitants, which was overseen by Muslim officials, who were all residents of the city, including a judge, the city council, and an administrator. Additionally, the study emphasizes the Muslims' right to own real estate, butcher shops, public baths, bakeries, and workshops.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the decree granted the Mudejars a form of self-governance in the suburb of Shatiba, administered through the city's leader, the Zalmedina, the Amin, and the Thabathalyanus.

Do Beliefs and Behaviors relate to Dental / oral Health, Body Appreciation, and Quality of life Differ Among Adults in Arab Societies?

Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to assess and compare beliefs and behaviors related to oral health, body image perception, and quality of life among adults in Arab communities, specifically focusing on Emirati, Saudi, and Egyptian populations.

Methods: The sample included 934 participants (mean age: 21.85 years) divided into three groups: Emiratis (12.2%), Saudis (26.2%), and Egyptians (61.6%). Participants completed three validated scales: the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), the Dental Oral Health Beliefs Scale (DOHBS), and the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results: The findings revealed significant differences among the groups in oral health beliefs, body image perception, and quality of life. Emirati participants scored significantly higher than Saudis and Egyptians in health-related variables, with moderate differences of 1.545 (p = 0.016) and 1.797 (p = 0.001), respectively. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between body image appreciation and quality of life scores, while an inverse relationship was noted between positive general health perceptions and quality of life evaluations. Gender and cultural factors were also found to have a significant impact on health perceptions.

Conclusion The study highlights substantial variations in health-related beliefs and behaviors across Arab communities. Emirati participants demonstrated better health outcomes compared to their Saudi and Egyptian counterparts, emphasizing the role of cultural and demographic factors. The findings underscore the need for culturally tailored health interventions to enhance oral health, body image perception, and quality of life across different communities.

Analyzing Narrative Distance in Prophet Yusuf's Story: A Comparative Study of Textual and Visual Media

Badriya Amur AL Qasmi, Mahrous Mahmoud Alkolaly — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: The paper investigates the relationships between the different narrative media that have re-presented the story of Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) by comparing narrative texts. The study seeks to analyze the functions of narrative distance and its impact on presenting the story, highlighting how it is employed in written and visual mediums to influence the audience's sense of closeness or detachment from events and characters.

Methods: The research adopts the "comparative narratology" approach, grounded in the concept of "narrative distance" as proposed by Genette. Four narrative models were selected for comparative analysis, focusing on their artistic and dramatic structures, with particular attention to the role of narrative distance in conveying the message to the audience.

Results: The study revealed key differences in the use of narrative distance across mediums. Written narratives focused on characters' inner emotions and thoughts, fostering deep audience empathy, while visual mediums provided a broader perspective through external narration. Differences in adapting dialogues from the original text also led to varying interpretations and presentations of events.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of narrative distance in reintroducing the story of Prophet Yusuf across different mediums and its role in influencing the audience's proximity to or detachment from the events. The research recommends further comparative studies of narrative texts across various mediums, striving for a balance between fidelity to the original text and narrative creativity to preserve the text's uniqueness while ensuring impact.

The Image of the Friend in Sa‘alik Poetry from the Pre-Islamic Era to the End of the Umayyad Era

Shams Aleslam Ahmad Halou — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This research aims to study and analyze the image of a friend in Saalik poetry from pre-Islamic era to the end of the Umayyad period, highlighting the unique perspective these poets held on friendship, characterized by independence in a particular doctrine of thought and lifestyle.

Methods: The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach, the investigative approach, and the psychological approach. The study is structured into two main parts; The first part discusses the emergence of the Saalik phenomenon in Arab society, its continuity factors, and the concept of "friend" along with its synonyms and significance in the lives of Saalik. The second part studies the image of the friend in the poetry of Saalik, analyses poetic texts related to this image and clarifies its details, characteristics and psychological dimensions.

Results: The results reveal that friendship held a crucial place in the lives of the Saalik; which appeared in the poets’ depiction and description of their friends. This image varied between the image of a human friend and the image of other creatures such as animals and weapons. The poets revealed their feelings towards them and attributed human qualities to them.

Conclusions: the human friend’s image represents part of the poet's personal identity and aligns with the collective identity of the Saalik, while friendships with non-human entities reflect a psychological need to fill the social void of isolation. These poetic depictions express the Saalik's thoughts and feelings toward humanity, society, and nature.

Cultural Sustainability in Wasini Al-Araj 2084: Tale of the Last Arab

Abdulhameed Saif Alhosami, Sabha Ahmad Alkam — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This research explores the potential of science fiction novels to enhance awareness of cultural sustainability and contribute to sustainable development.

Methods: The study employs thematic and socio-narrative analytical methods to examine the novel, focusing on its role in promoting cultural sustainability.

Results: The analysis reveals that the novel incorporates various themes that support cultural sustainability, including identity, terrorism, peace, human rights, technology, environmental changes, and poverty.

Conclusions: Based on the findings, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating themes that foster cultural sustainability in creative disciplines, contributing to comprehensive development and a stable future for humanity.

Language Levels in Translation: Translating the Book “Jordanian Details” into French

Adnan Smadi — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This research examines how different language levels are handled in the translation of Jordanian Details into French. It explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating a culturally rich and nuanced text while preserving its essence and adapting it effectively for the target audience.

Methods: The study conducts a detailed analysis of the translation process, focusing on the cultural, social, and aesthetic dimensions of the text. It examines specific examples of colloquial expressions, popular proverbs, and sensitive topics in the original work and their French equivalents. Key translation strategies are evaluated, particularly the balance between preserving the author's literary style and ensuring cultural accuracy.

Results: The research highlights the complexities of translating a culturally embedded text, identifying successful strategies for maintaining the tone, nuance, and authenticity of Jordanian culture in the French version. It provides specific examples of translation adjustments to illustrate these challenges.

Conclusions: The study concludes that translating “Jordanian Details” requires a nuanced approach that respects both the source and target cultures. Effective strategies include cultural adaptation, careful handling of sensitive expressions, and thoughtful interpretation of colloquial dialogue and proverbs. By addressing these challenges, translators can produce a text that remains faithful to the original while being accessible to the target audience.

The Representation of Arabic Idafa Constructions in Turkish Linguistic Usage: An Analytical Study

Ahmet Adıgüzel — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This research examines the influence of Arabic on Turkish, specifically in the structure of idafa (genitive constructions). It aims to identify these structures, trace them to their Arabic origins, and analyze their meanings and implications.

Methods: The study employs a descriptive analytical approach, analyzing Turkish texts to identify idafa structures. The Turkish language dictionary was consulted to verify the origins of Arabic-Turkish structures, including those whose Arabic roots were not explicitly documented.

Results: The research found that many idafa structures in Turkish have Arabic origins but have undergone grammatical and semantic modifications due to Turkish linguistic influences. These changes include the addition of suffixes and shifts in meaning.

Conclusions: The study concluded that Arabic idafa structures in Turkish exceed those recorded in dictionaries, which primarily trace words to their origins but do not document them as structured phrases. Additionally, Turkish, with its simpler grammatical system, has effectively integrated Arabic words. The interaction between Arabic and Turkish remains a rich field for further linguistic research.

The Function of Grammatical Correspondence in the Letters and Sermons of the Caliphs and Its Semantic Extension in the Phenomena of the Language

Othman Salem Qawaqzeh — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: The study aims to clarify the functional role of grammatical agreement in the letters and speeches of the Prophet and the Caliphs and its semantic impact on the text and sentence. Additionally, to explore linguistic phenomena closely related to agreement, such as the phenomenon of predominance (taghlib), the severed adjective (na‘t maqtu‘), and agreement by position (al-ittiba‘ ‘ala al-mahal), in order to highlight their semantic and structural dimensions.

Methods: This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. It employs the descriptive method to survey instances of agreement in the letters and speeches of the Prophet and the Caliphs and utilizes the analytical method to examine these instances in depth.

Results: The letters and speeches of the Prophet ﷺ and the Caliphs showcase grammatical agreement’s role in conveying meanings like emphasis, clarification, and generalization. Bound morphemes such as tā’ al-mukhāṭaba, nūn al-niswa, and yā’ al-mukhāṭaba serve as feminine markers after indicating agency. Agreement influences linguistic phenomena like taghlib (predominance), na‘t maqtu‘ (severed adjective), and taswiyah (equivalence), shaping meaning and enhancing textual rhythm. Deviations in number suggest iltifāt (grammatical shift), transitioning from plural to singular, as seen in rijālun kathīr ("many men") and mashyakhatun fāniyah ("a declining sheikhdom").

Conclusion: The study concludes that grammatical agreement has significant semantic and functional implications in the letters of the Caliphs. Its influence extends to various linguistic phenomena, including predominance (taghlib) and agreement by position (al-ittiba‘ ‘ala al-mahal).

The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching Language and Grammar to Arabic Language Students: A Field Study on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Language Skills Development

Muhammad Ismail Amayreh , Omar ALrawagfeh, Amal . Amer — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to explore role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing education of Arabic language department students in universities. It focuses on analyzing benefits and challenges associated with using technologies. Additionally, it examines the impact of AI on improving students' efficiency, enhancing the quality of their learning, achieving educational goals faster and more accurately, and identifying the gap between current state of AI integration in education and future opportunities.

Methodology: research utilized a designed field survey distributed to a sample of 216 students from Arabic Language Department at Philadelphia University in Jordan. The survey included questions covering aspects of AI usage, such as knowledge acquisition, academic performance improvement, and assignment completion. It also assessed students' perceptions of AI's influence on efficiency and learning capabilities.

Results: findings revealed that AI is a valuable addition to university education. Most students perceived it as a tool that saves time and effort while enhancing academic performance quality. However, the study highlighted challenges related to the quality of AI outputs in Arabic, insufficient training in utilizing these technologies, and over-reliance on AI, which may negatively impact the development of critical and creative thinking skills.

Conclusion: study emphasizes importance of AI as promising educational tool. It also underscores the need to develop tools and technologies better suited to specific characteristics of Arabic language. Furthermore, it highlights importance of raising academic awareness about optimal use of tools to improve the quality of education while minimizing associated risks.

The Pragmatics of Sībawayhi’s Book in the Studies of the Arabists

Abdelmonem Gedamy, Nasser Al-Horais — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This paper aims to present and analyze a selection of studies by a group of Arabists published in Europe, utilizing modern pragmatic theory as analytical tools to approach works of Sībawayhi in this regard.

Methods: The paper seeks to uncover the underlying philosophy of these studies and analyze their outcomes within a critical analytical framework.

Results: One of the significant findings, through examining pragmatic analyses by Arabists of Sībawayhi’s work, is their view of the Arabic linguistic tradition represents a crucial chapter in the history of global linguistic thought. Modern linguistics proves essential in understanding many aspects of Arabic tradition. From Arabists' approaches to Sībawayhi’s work, it becomes evident that Sībawayhi possessed concepts and analyses that reflect his awareness of context importance in linguistic analysis. For example, in Carter’s approach, he draws parallels between Sībawayh’s concepts and Gricean pragmatics, highlighting that, according to Sībawayhi, speaker is not only participant in a cooperative activity with a receiver in a realistic context; rather, the context itself can become an active component in grammatical structure of speech, which contributes to language learning and teaching in real-life usage and situations.

Conclusions: These studies underscore originality of Sībawayhi’s linguistic contributions, which are not only groundbreaking in field of Arabic linguistics but also span entire history of linguistics up to modern era. This is reflected in the pragmatics of Sībawayhi’s analyses and comparisons between his concepts and those of Grice and Leech’s integrative framework.

Annexed Structures to the Quadrilateral between Form and Function: Issues and Proposals

Mohammad Ahmad Hwaimel Al-Khrissat — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study seeks to provide a valid academic model to deal with linguistic patterns that old linguists subtly categorized under compounding with other abstract forms, because of the problems observed at both the structural and semantic levels. The study at hand works by investing the formal components of these structures and searching for their semantic function.

Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach. The descriptive approach was used for the purpose of extrapolation of the problems related to the use of those structures both to the speech community and to linguists themselves. The analytical approach was based on proposing a set of treatment tools that are suitable for dealing with these usage patterns, and then proposing a special analytical model for them. A set of verb patterns attached to the structures of the abstract quadruple verb were analyzed, without attempting to numerate them.

Results: The study reached a number of conclusions, such as the fact that the phoneme classified as appendix does not fall under one single type/function, but three instead: discriminatory, structural discriminatory, and non-discriminatory. Each of these types carries the pattern of use that is to be included individually within its special pattern of structure. The study provided a model applicable to each type of use characterized by the feature of attachment.

Conclusion: Attachment is an important tool of linguistic expansion at the level of word development and at the level of semantic additions (meanings of increase) and studying them based on the values of use they carry and based on research in methodological analysis tools reveals the reality of their structural and semantic status and determines the mechanisms of their classification and treatment.