بين نهج الواقعية القائمة على المبادئ و النهج المعياري: ما هو النهج المتبع من قبل الاتحاد الأوروبي في الأردن؟
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v52i5.2583الكلمات المفتاحية:
محاصرة، النهج المعياري، الواقعية القائمة على المبادئ، المرونةالملخص
الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى توضيح أن الاتحاد الأوروبي عالق بين نهجه المعياري الذي يسعى إلى تعزيز القيم المثالية للاتحاد، على النحو الذي أكدته استراتيجية الأمن الأوروبية لعام 2003 ، وبين نهجه الواقعي القائم على المبادئ، الذي يجعل المرونة الأساس المنطقي الحاكم لانخراط الاتحاد في المنطقة، كما هو موضح في الاستراتيجية العالمية للاتحاد الأوروبي لعام 2016 . إن هذا التحول قد حدث بعد الربيع العربي بهدف التوفيق بين قيم الاتحاد ومصالحه، بيد أن الدراسة كشفت أن الاتحاد عالق بين هذين النهجين.
المنهجية: اعتمدت هذه الدراسة منهجية تحليل محتوى النصوص للأدبيات الحالية حول العمل الخارجي للاتحاد في إطار شراكته مع الأردن، الشريك الاستراتيجي للاتحاد الأوروبي. كما أنها اعتمدت منهجية تحليل الوثائق لسياسات أردنية أوروبية مختلفة بما في ذلك اتفاقيات الطرفين الثنائية والاتفاقيات المتعددة الأطراف مدعومة بإجراء مقابلات مع مديري مشاريع من مشروع "دعم الاتحاد الأوروبي للمؤسسات الديمقراطية الأردنية والتنمية" بالاضافة الئ أكاديميين، سياسيين ونشطاء مدنيين من الأردن والاتحاد الأوروبي.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنه مع كل الأزمات في الجوار الأوروبي الجنوبي ، وجد الاتحاد نفسه عالقا ، حيث كان اختيار المسار الصحيح بين قيمه، النهج المعياري، و بين نهجه الواقعي القائم على المبادئ ، يمثل تحديًا. علاوة على ذلك ، كشفت أن الاتحاد الأوروبي غير قادر على تعزيز مصادر المرونة بما في ذلك الحوكمة الفعالة، الثقة الاجتماعية والشرعية.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة بعدة مقترحات قد يتبناها الاتحاد الأوروبي لتقليل الفجوة الحاصلة بين خطابه وممارساته و تكشف، بنفس الوقت، عن التزام الاتحاد الأوروبي بقيمه المثالية، ومن هذه التوصيات إسقاط التطبيق الانتقائي للمشروطية.
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