فهم مركزية الشرق الأوسط في السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية

Books:

Amineh, M. P. (2007). Greater Middle East in global politics: Social science perspectives on the changing geography of the world politics. BRILL.

Bard, M. (2006). Myths and facts: A guide to the Arab-Israeli conflict. (3rd ed.). American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

Bergen, P. (2011). Longest war: The enduring conflict between America and al-Qaeda. Simon & Schuster, Limited.

Byman, D. L. (2001). Irans's security policy in the post-revolutionary era. RAND Corporation.

Cook, A. H., & Roshandel, J. (2009). United States and Iran: Policy challenges and opportunities. Palgrave Macmillan.

Feste, K. A. (2011). America responds to terrorism: Conflict resolution strategies of clinton, Bush, and Obama. Palgrave Macmillan.

Gause, F. G. (2010). The international relations of the Persian Gulf. Cambridge University Press.

Gelvin, J. L. (2018). The new Middle East: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.

Gerges, F. A. (2012). America and political Islam: Clash of cultures or clash of interests? Cambridge University Press.

Goldschmidt, A., & al-Marashi, I. (2018). Concise history of the Middle East. Avalon Publishing. Routledge.

Hahn, P. L. (2005). Crisis and crossfire: The United States and the Middle East since 1945. Potomac Books, Inc.

Ismael, T. Y., & Ismael, J. S. (2012). Government and politics of the contemporary Middle East: Continuity and change. Taylor & Francis Group.

Kumaraswamy, P. R. (2023). Arab-Israeli conflict: A ringside view. Routledge.

Looney, R. (2014). Handbook of US-Middle East relations. Taylor & Francis Group.

Lynch, M. (2012). Arab uprising: The unfinished revolutions of the new Middle East. PublicAffairs.

Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. (2007). Israel lobby and U. S. foreign policy. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

Ottaway, M., & Carothers, T. (2010). Uncharted journey: Promoting democracy in the Middle East. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, George W. Bush, 2001, Bk. 1, January 20 to June 30, 2001. (2003).

National Archives and Records Administration.

Rashid, A. (2009). Descent into chaos: The US and the disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Penguin Books.

Reardon, R. J. (2012). Containing Iran: Strategies for addressing the Iranian nuclear challenge. RAND.

Riedel, B. O. (2018). Kings and presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States since FDR. Brookings Institution Press.

Safi,L. (2003). American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).

Shai, F., & Yiftah, S. (2001). The Middle East military balance, 2000-2001. MIT Press.

Singer, S., & Senor, D. (2011). Start-Up nation: The story of Israel's economic miracle. Grand Central Publishing.

Waxman, D. (2019). The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: What everyone needs to know®. Oxford University Press.

Weimann, G. (2006). Terror on the internet: The new arena, the new challenges. United States Institute of Peace Press.

Yergin, D. (2012). Prize: The epic quest for oil, money and power. Simon & Schuster, Limited.

Zegart, A. B. (2011). Eyes on spies: Congress and the United States intelligence community. Hoover Institution Press.

Brito, D., & Jaffe, A. (2005). Reducing vulnerability of the strait of Hormuz. In Getting ready for a nuclear ready Iran. Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College.

Merabet, A. (2012). Colonization. In History of the Middle East. Dickinson University.

-11 Commission. (2004).The 9/11 Commission Report. Government Printing Office.

Akhtar, S. I., Bolle, M. J., & Nelson, R. M. (2013). US trade and investment in the Middle East and North Africa: Overview and issues for congress (R42153). Congressional Research Service.

Blanchard, C. (April 30, 2009). Saudi Arabia: Background and US Relations. Congressional Research Service.

Cordesman, A., & Wilner, A. (June 28, 2012). Iran and the Gulf Military Balance. CSIS

Katzman, K. (2021). Iran's foreign and defense policies (44017). Congressional Research Service.

Rosenau, W., & Peter, C. (2004). Confronting "the enemy within": Security intelligence, the police, and counterterrorism in four democracies. RAND Corporation.

Sharp, J. (September 13, 2012). Egypt: Background and US Relations. Congressional Research Service.

Farhadinsab, J., & Jafari, A.(2016). Review of proxy wars and their impact on the Middle East security. Middle East Political Review, 5(3-4),71-90.

Jamil, M., Ahmad, F., & Jeon, Y. J. (2016). Renewable energy technologies adopted by the UAE: Prospects and challenges – A comprehensive overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 1181–1194.

Jones, T. C. (2012). Oil in American history. The Journal of American History, 99(1), 208–218.

Stewart, D (2005). The Greater Middle East and Reform in the Bush Administration's Ideological Imagination. Geographical Review, 95 (3), 400–24.

Address before a joint session of the congress on the cessation of the persian gulf conflict. (1991, March 6). Welcome to The American Presidency Project.

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-before-joint-session-the-congress-the-cessation-the-persian-gulf-conflict

“Arms Sales Notifications.” Defense Security Cooperation Agency, (September 21, 2012).

http://www.dsca.mil/pressreleases/36-b/36b_index.htm

Background briefing on the secretary's trip to the Middle East. (2013, November 1). US Department of State.

https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/11/216215.htm

Bluedorn, J., & Koranchelian, T. (2023, December 1). Middle east conflict risks reshaping the region’s economies. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2023/12/01/middle-east-conflict-risks-reshaping-the-regions-economies

Byman, D. (2013, June 17). Why drones work: The case for washington's weapon of choices. Brookings. http://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-drones-work-the-case-for-washingtons-weapon-of-choice.

Esper, M. (Dec. 12, 2019). Remarks by Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper at the House Armed Services Committee Hearing on Syria and Middle East Policy. Department of Defense.

https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/STATEMENTS/Statements-View/Article/2038901/remarks-by-secretary-of-defense-mark-t-esper-at-the-house-armed-services-commit/

Hazbun, W. (2020). Reimagining US engagement with a turbulent Middle East - MERIP. MERIP. https://merip.org/2020/06/reimagining-us-engagement-with-a-turbulent-middle-east/

Itani, F., & Rosenblatt, N. (September 10,2018). US policy in Syria: A seven-year reckoning. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/us-policy-in-syria-a-seven-year-reckoning/

Kagan, R. (2013, August 1). American aid makes the US complicit in the egyptian army’s acts. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/american-aid-makes-the-u-s-complicit-in-the-egyptian-armys-acts/

Kerry, J. (28 December, 2016). Remarks on Middle East Peace. US Embassy and consulates in Brazil.

https://br.usembassy.gov/remarks-middle-east-peace/

Mosly, A (January 10,2023). Enhancing Cooperation on Maritime Security in the Gulf. Gulf Research Center.

https://www.grc.net/single-commentary/76

Opall-Rome, B. (April 22, 2013). “Hagel: US Arms to Augment Israel’s Military Edge,” Defense News, April 22, 2013, http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130422/DEFREG04/304220013/Hagel-U-S-Arms-Augment-Israeli-Military-Edge

Providence, R. (2021, September 1). Costs of the 20-year war on terror: $8 trillion and 900,000 deaths. Brown University. https://www.brown.edu/news/2021-09-01/costsofwar

Robinson, K. (October 27,2023). What is the Iran nuclear deal? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-iran-nuclear-deal

Three important oil trade chokepoints are located around the arabian peninsula - US energy information administration (EIA). (2017, August 4).Homepage-USEnergy Information Administration (EIA). https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32352

The White House (May 19, 2011). “Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa”. The White House.

https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa

Tshona, S.(October 13, 2023). “Middle East: Implications for maritime transportation and supply logistics”. Mail & Guardian

https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/opinion/2023-10-13-middle-east-implications-for-maritime-transportation-and-supply-logistics/

US Department of Defense ( June 17, 2015). Statement on US Policy and Strategy in the Middle East before the House Armed Services Committee. US Department of Defense.

https://www.defense.gov/News/Speeches/Speech/Article/606680/statement-on-us-policy-and-strategy-in-the-middle-east-before-the-house-armed-s/

US Department of Defense ( December 10, 2016). Remarks on "The Logic of American Strategy in the Middle East" (2016 IISS Manama Dialogue). US Department of Defense.

https://www.defense.gov/News/Speeches/Speech/Article/1026639/remarks-on-the-logic-of-american-strategy-in-the-middle-east-2016-iiss-manama-d/

US Department of State Secretary (June 5, 2023a). Antony J. Blinken at the 2023 American Israel Public Affairs Committee Policy

Summit. USDepartment of State.

https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-at-the-2023-american-israel-public-affairs-committee-policy-summit/

US Department of State (November 1, 2023b). US Relations With Saudi Arabia. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheet. Bureau Of Near

Eastern Affairs.

https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-saudi-arabia/

US Embassy in Egypt.( 22 November, 2023). Statement by US Ambassador to the Arab Republic of Egypt, Herro Mustaf

Garg.US Embassy in Egypt.

https://eg.usembassy.gov/statement-by-u-s-ambassador-to-the-arab-republic-of-egypt-herro-mustafa-garg/