حياة الإنسان المستعارة، مفهومها وأحكامها في المذهب المالكي

Ibrahem Ahmad Aboaladas; Wejdan Hamdan Abdallat

doi:10.35516/Law.2025.13310

Authors

Ibrahem Ahmad Aboaladas Department of Maliki Jurisprudence, Maliki Jurisprudence College, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-5449
Wejdan Hamdan Abdallat Department of Maliki Jurisprudence, Maliki Jurisprudence College, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2698-1566

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2025.13310

Keywords:

Manfūdh al-Muqāti, borrowed life, al-maghmūr, approaching death, fetus

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to define the concept of borrowed human life, a state between existence and non-existence, by identifying its distinguishing signs. It also outlined key legal rulings related to this condition, including liability for causing harm to a person in a state of borrowed life and the validity of financial acts, clarifying which actions jurists consider ineffective and which they regard as legally valid.

Methods: An inductive approach was employed by tracing relevant issues across established jurisprudential and uṣūl sources, supported by analytical comparison and discussion of textual evidence.

Results: The study clarified the concept of borrowed human life as a condition between fully established life and complete non-existence by identifying its defining characteristics and distinguishing it from full life. It examined the legal implications of this state, including liability for harm and the validity of financial and legal acts performed during this period. The findings explained which actions jurists consider legally ineffective and which are treated as valid, providing a clearer framework for practical application and linking classical jurisprudence with contemporary legal considerations.

Conclusions: The study concluded that borrowed life applies to the fetus and to a person whose life fluctuates between existence and non-existence. This necessitates clarifying legal rulings related to both non-existence and existence. While some rulings were addressed, many contemporary issues remain open to juristic interpretation across legal schools. The study recommends further research, particularly comparative studies incorporating medical and healthcare liability laws, to guide the application of these principles.

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