شروط عدم اللزوم في العقود المالية عند الحنفية

Selim Karakas; Raed Nasri Jamil  Abu-Mounes

doi:10.35516/Law.2025.13899

Authors

Selim Karakas Department of Jurisprudence and its Fundamentals, School of Sharia, University of Jordan, Jordan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-6462
Raed Nasri Jamil Abu-Mounes Department of Jurisprudence and its Fundamentals, School of Sharia, University of Jordan, Jordan. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3725-4955

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2025.13899

Keywords:

Islamic jurisprudence, bindingness, unbinding, non-binding contract, Hanafi school, contract.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to identify and compile the conditions of unbinding according to the Ḥanafī school of thought and to examine their applications in financial contracts, as this school does not provide explicit guidelines on the subject. The study addresses the nature and conditions of unbinding, emphasizing their impact on legal characterization, given the concept's ambiguity and its direct relevance to all contracts.

Methods: The research employs an inductive method to trace juristic texts, a descriptive method to present them, and an analytical method to derive and evaluate the conditions involved.

Results: The study concludes that the concept of "unbinding" is broader than that of a non-binding contract. It encompasses not only valid and effective contracts but also defective and suspended ones. Additionally, it finds that bindingness is a variable attribute that can shift to unbinding under specific circumstances and vice versa. Unbinding may also transform back into bindingness when certain conditions are met. The study highlights that in the Ḥanafī school, the process of unbinding is governed by two types of conditions. The first type includes the essential conditions that must be met for the attribute to exist at all; without these, the attribute cannot arise. The second type consists of the conditions necessary for the proper application of the attribute, which means that while the attribute exists in principle, its implementation depends on fulfilling these specific requirements.

Conclusions: Unbinding has distinct conditions for both existence and application, with direct implications for financial contracts in the Ḥanafī school. It is a dynamic attribute that can change or stabilize based on particular factors.

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