Spatial Variation in Fertility Levels Among Saudi Women in the Riyadh Region and Their Influencing Factors

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the spatial variation in fertility levels, reveal the impact of fertility on age structure, and determine the most significant factors influencing fertility among Saudi women in the administrative governorates of the Riyadh region.

Methodology: The study adopted both inductive and deductive approaches, relying on statistical methods for analysis and interpretation. The sample consisted of 745 women who were either currently married or had previously been married.

Results: The findings indicated spatial variation in fertility rates across the governorates of the Riyadh region. Fertility rates were higher—reaching three children per woman—in Al-Hariq, Al-Muzahimiyah, As-Sulayyil, Wadi ad-Dawasir, Ar-Rayn, Al-Kharj, Al-Aflaj, and Hawtat Bani Tamim. Rates were lower in the Emirate’s headquarters, Thadiq, Shaqra, and Marat. The main determinants of reproductive behavior among women in Riyadh city, based on the sample, were age at first marriage, marital duration, educational level, infant mortality, use of family planning methods, place of birth, and geographic region. The findings also showed a decline in the youth population and an increase in the average age in the Riyadh region.

Conclusion: It is important to consider variables such as age at first marriage, education, employment status, and child mortality in development plans and population policies. Further studies on reproductive health and behavior are recommended in light of fertility changes, through targeted surveys on women’s health in Saudi Arabia.