ملكية البيانات الشخصية: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة ونموذج بديل للملكية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2026.13580الكلمات المفتاحية:
قانون كاليفورنيا لحماية بيانات المستهلك، الخصوصية.الملخص
الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بحث نموذج الملكية كنموذج لحماية البيانات الشخصية بالمقارنة مع النماذج المنافسة، والنظر في الأسس القانونية التي يُمكن الاستناد إليها لتطبيق حق الملكية على البيانات الشخصية. واقتراح نموذج قانوني للمُلكية في البيانات الشخصية.
المنهجية: تم إجراء الدراسة باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي خلال تحليل مفهوم حق المُلكية والمُلكية. بالإضافة دراسة نموذج الملكية في حماية البيانات الشخصية مع المقارنة بالنماذج الرئيسية المُقابلة، بالإضافة إلى تحليل الأساس القانوني لتطبيق حق الملكية على البيانات الشخصية واقتراح نموذج لحق الملكية حولها.
النتائج: توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج، أهمها أن تطبيق نموذج حق الملكية الفردية في البيانات الشخصية قد يسهم في توفير حماية أفضل للبيانات الشخصية من النماذج المقارنة كنموذج حقوق الإنسان وامناء البيانات، وتقرير المصير المعلوماتي. وعليه، قدمت الدراسة نموذجاً لحق الملكية حول البيانات مشابهاً لنموذج الملكية الفكرية، وذلك من خلال تقسيمها إلى حقوق معنوية ومادية.
الخلاصة: تتطلب حماية الخصوصية والبيانات الشخصية الاعتراف بحق الملكية على هذه البيانات حيث إن نموذج الملكية يُقدم حماية للبيانات أكثر من النماذج الأخرى. ومع ذلك، لم تتضمن قوانين حماية البيانات الشخصية معالجة واضحة لهذه المسألة. وعلى ضوءه، تجادل هذه الدراسة بأن حق الملكية هو من الحقوق الطبيعية، وأن مفهوم الملكية يشمل كل من ملكية الأشياء المادية والمعنوية. وعليه تقترح هذه الدراسة نموذجاً للملكية حول البيانات مقارباً لمفهوم الملكية الفكرية حيث ينقسم إلى حقوق مادية (اقتصادية) ومعنوية.
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