العيب كأساس لمسؤولية منتجات الذكاء الاصطناعي في التشريعين الأوروبي والأردني

Mohammad Ali Ahmad Alamawi

doi:10.35516/Law.2025.12499

Authors

Mohammad Ali Ahmad Alamawi Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Al-Saro, Al-Salt, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3905-8596

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2025.12499

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Digital Products, Defect, Civil Liability, Law

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to highlight the solutions introduced by EU Directive 2024/2853 to address challenges faced by claimants seeking compensation for harm caused by defective AI systems as digital products, and to explore the feasibility of adopting these solutions in Jordan under existing traditional legal frameworks.

Methods: A comparative analytical approach was used by examining the key provisions of EU Directive 2024/2853 concerning AI systems as digital products, comparing them with conventional legal provisions under Jordanian law, and assessing the adaptability of these rules in light of the Directive’s outcomes.

Results: The European Union Directive expanded the concept of “products” to include artificial intelligence systems and established a regime of strict liability for damages caused by such systems. In contrast, the Jordanian Consumer Protection Law continues to govern traditional products. However, the general provisions and principles of Jordanian legislation can be adapted and interpreted in a manner consistent with the outcomes of the European Union Directive.

Conclusions: Jordan remains in the early stages of AI regulation, having not yet moved beyond ethical principles. Meanwhile, what began in Europe as non-binding guidelines has evolved into binding legislation through Directive 2024/2853, which expanded the concept of “product” to include digital and AI-based systems. This study explores how Jordan might incorporate the Directive’s outcomes into its current legal framework, particularly through consumer protection law.

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