بيع الراهن العين المرهونة دون إذن المرتهن قبل حلول الأجل في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة فقهية تحليلية مقارنة

Emad Abdel Hafiz Ali Alzyadat

doi:10.35516/Law.2025.13387

Authors

Emad Abdel Hafiz Ali Alzyadat Department Fiqh and Its Foundations, College of Sharia, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-6641

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2025.13387

Keywords:

Mortgage, sale, permission, jurisprudence.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to clarify the ruling in Islamic jurisprudence on a mortgagor’s sale of mortgaged property without the mortgagee’s permission before the debt becomes due, and to examine the legal effects of such a sale before and after the mortgagee takes possession of the property.

Methods: The study employs an analytical approach to examine juristic texts and identify scholars’ opinions and reasoning, along with a comparative approach to compare the views of the Islamic legal schools and determine the preponderant opinion.

Results: The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the contract of sale concluded by the mortgagor for the mortgaged property without the mortgagee’s permission before the debt becomes due is a suspended (non-final) contract, whether the sale occurs before or after the mortgagee takes possession of the mortgaged property. If the mortgagor delivers the mortgaged property to the buyer and it is lost while in the buyer’s possession, the mortgagee has the right to rescind the contract of sale or the loan contract with the mortgagor, due to the absence of the agreed-upon security of the mortgage.

Conclusion: The mortgagor has no right to sell the mortgaged property except with the permission of the mortgagee; otherwise, the contract remains suspended pending the mortgagee’s approval. If the mortgagor sells it without such permission, the mortgagee is entitled to take any action necessary to preserve and protect his right.

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