الإثبات بالتوقيع الرقمي في العقود الذكيّة باستخدام تقنية البلوك تشين بين الفقه الإسلامي وقانون المعاملات الإلكترونيّة الأردني وقانون البينات
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Law.2025.11002الكلمات المفتاحية:
التوقيع الرقمي، الإثبات، العقود الذكيّة، البلوك تشين، الفقه الإسلاميالملخص
الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان رأي الفقه الإسلامي وقانون المعاملات الإلكترونيّة الأردني، وقانون البيّنات في الإثبات بالتوقيع الرقمي في العقود الذكيّة التي تتمّ باستخدام تقنية البلوك تشين، باعتبارها مستجدات تحتاج إلى بيان في الفقه الإسلامي.
المنهجيّة: ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تمّ استخدام المنهج الوصفي، والمنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج التحليلي.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى عدّة استنتاجات أبرزها: إنّ الفقه الإسلامي قد نظّم طرائق الإثبات، وذلك في المعاملات الماليّة ابتداءً، وعند التنازع لحفظ الحقوق وإثباتها، فالتوقيع الرقمي يّعد من وسائل الإثبات عن طريق الكتابة، فيثبت به العقد، ويُعدّ وسيلة مستحدثة؛ لإثبات العقود الذكية التي تتم عبر البلوك تشين وتوثيقها حيث تقوم على كتابة العقود وتوقيعها رقميّا باستخدام المفاتيح العامّة والخاصة فهي تحويل للكتابة والتوقيع التقليدي إلى لغة أخرى باستخدام لغات البرمجة الحديثة يفهمها المشاركون في شبكة البلوك تشين ويقومون بفك تشفيرها.
الخلاصة: تُوصي الدراسة بعدّة توصيات، منها: أن يتمّ وضع مواد قانونيّة في قانون المعاملات الإلكترونيّة الأردني، وفي قانون البيّنات الأردني تُنظم هذه التقنيّات حتى يتمّ حفظ الحقوق وتوثيق الالتزامات، أو يتمّ وضع قانون جديد تُشرف عليه وزارة الاقتصاد الرقمي والريادة في الأردن يقوم بتنظيم هذه التقنيّات من جميع جوانبها سواء كانت تقنيّة، أو عقديّة، أو قانونيّة، أو قضائية.
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