حماية الطفل بين الفقه الإسلامي والتشريع الإماراتي: دراسة مقارنة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/law.v50i4.858الكلمات المفتاحية:
الحماية، الطفل، الفقه، التشريع، الإماراتالملخص
الأهداف: يسعى البحث إلى التعرف على مبادئ حماية الطفل في الإسلام، وتوضيح مفهوم مرحلة الطفولة مقارنتها بالتشريع الإماراتي، وتوضيح نقاط الاتفاق والاختلاف بينهما.
المنهجية: المنهج الوصفي والاستقرائي والتحليلي والمقارن الذي يقوم على دراسة وتحليل واستقراء النصوص الفقهية، والنصوص القانونية المقابلة لها في التشريع الإماراتي؛ القانون الاتحادي رقم (3) لسنة 2016 لحماية حقوق الطفل والمعروف سابقاً بـ(قانون وديمة).
النتائج: اختلف التشريع الإماراتي مع الفقه الإسلامي في تعريف الطفل الذي توجب له الحماية؛ من حيث تحديد بداية ونهاية مرحلة الطفولة، وعلى هذا الأساس يميز الفقه الإسلامي بين الولد والقاصر، في أن الطفل قد يبلغ سن الرشد قبل البلوغ، وقد يبلغ سن البلوغ ولا يتسم بالنضوج. أما التشريعات الإماراتية فتتحدد بداية الطفولة من وقت الولادة وحتى سن الثامنة عشر، وافق التشريع الإماراتي على المبادئ العامة لحماية الطفل في الفقه الإسلامي، وأقره في آليات تحقيق هذه الحماية.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة بتعديل النص القانوني المتعلق بتعريف الطفل الذي توجب له الحماية في القانون الإماراتي بما يتوافق مع ما قرره الفقه الإسلامي من تحديد بداية ونهاية مرحلة الطفولة، حيث وُجد اختلاف بينهما. وفيما يتعلق بآليات الحماية فهناك تشابه كبير بين الفقه الإسلامي وقانون حقوق الطفل الإماراتي.
التنزيلات
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التنزيلات
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 دراسات: علوم الشريعة و القانون

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