الاستحسان في مسائل الأيمان: دراسة أصولية تطبيقية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/law.v52i4.9839الكلمات المفتاحية:
الاستحسان، أصول الفقه، الأيمانالملخص
الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى معرفة مدى حجم تناول الفقهاء لمنهج الاستحسان في باب الأيمان ومسائله، ومدى تصريحهم بالاستحسان فيه، ومدى الحجم التطبيقي فيه بغرض التخفيف والتيسير على المكلف وتتمثل إشكالية البحث في سؤالين هامين ما معنى الاستحسان في باب الأيمان والكفارة، ببيان أسبابه وتأصيله؟ ما أثر الاستحسان في مسائله التفصيلية في باب الأيمان والكفارة المنصوص عليها والمستنبطة.
المنهجية: اقتضت طبيعة البحث أن أسلك المنهج الاستقرائي في البحث عن نصوص الفقهاء في مسائل الأيمان وكفارة اليمين المنعقدة، وتحليلها لبيان حقيقة الاستحسان فيها، والمقارنة بين هذه النصوص، ثم المنهج الاستنتاجي في تأصيل الاستحسان في الأيمان، واستنتاج قواعده وضوابطه وأسبابه وأنواعه.
النتائج: من أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث أن الاستحسان في الأيمان "أداة منهجية علمية أصولية في استثناء جزئيات من القواعد العامة؛ تيسيراً وتخفيفاً تحقيقاً لمقصد الشارع من اليمين والكفارة"، وظهرت عناية الفقهاء بالاستحسان في الأيمان والكفارة كبيرا في المذهب الحنفي ثم المالكي ثم الشافعي، وكان قليلا نسبيا في المذهب الحنبلي.
الخلاصة: قامت فكرة البحث على التأصيل والاستنتاج لتوظيف لمنهج الاستحسان الأصولي باتجاهاته في باب الأيمان عند الفقهاء.
التنزيلات
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