التوظيف السياسي للخطاب الإعلامي في مقتل الصحفي جمال خاشقجي: المواقع الإخبارية لقناة الجزيرة وجريدة واشنطن بوست نموذجا
الكلمات المفتاحية:
التوظيف السياسي، الخطاب الإعلامي، الصحفي جمال خاشقجي، قناة الجزيرة، واشنطن بوستالملخص
تسعى الدراسة الحالية إلى التعريف بمظاهر التوظيف السياسي للخطاب الإعلامي في مقتل الصحفي جمال خاشقجي في محتوى المواقع الإخبارية لقناة الجزيرة ممثلة بموقعها الإخباري وجريدة الواشنطن بوست، ولتحقيق أهدافها وطّفت منهج تحليل الخطاب؛ وذلك من أجل تحليل (20) مقال تم اختيارهم بشكل عشوائي منشورة في الموقع الإخباري لقناة الجزيرة وجريدة واشنطن بوست خلال فترات زمنية مختلفة تتراوح بين (تشرين الأول 2018 - شباط 2019)؛ حيث توصلت الدراسة إلى أن المواقع الإخبارية لقناة الجزيرة قد غيّرت أسلوبها في نقل الخبر لأنها موجّهة للجمهور العربي، كما غيّرت جريدة واشنطن أسلوبها أيضًا لأنها موجّهة للعالم الغربي؛ حيث تحول موقفهما من الحيادية إلى توجيه الاتهامات الصريحة للمملكة العربية السعودية بمقتل خاشقجي، وفي ما يتعلق بالخطاب الإعلامي، فقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن خطاب المواقع الإخبارية لقناة الجزيرة وجريدة واشنطن بوست قد احتويا على جميع عناصر الخطاب الإعلامي المؤثر في المتلقي ومنها الاتساق والانسجام وعنصر المقارنة والصور التشبهية والبلاغة. وعليه، فتوصي الدراسة بضرورة أن يكون هناك مواثيق وقوانين دولية تسهم في ضبط عمليات نقل الأخبار والأحداث الدولية بما يضمن مصداقيتها وموضوعيتها.
التنزيلات
المراجع
Abradtcha, S. (2009). Persuasive Grooming In Television Advertisements. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Mentouri, Algeria
Al Jazeera News. (2019, 10). UN team probing Jamal Khashoggi killing arrives in Turkey. Retrieved from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/team-probing-jamal-khashoggi-killing-arrive-turkey-190128055350098.html
AlMomani, H. (2014). War and State Building in the Middle East By:Rolf Schwarz. Dirsat Journal, Human and Social Sciences, 41(2), 2014.
Awaj, S. (2014). The Cultural Role of Media: A Model for a Successful Suggested Cultural Corner. Journal of Social Science, 229(19)
Bin Essa, Q. (2013). The Usage of Social Media Methods as Resources for News: Field Study on Audio,Vedio and Written Media Methods in Algeria. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Batna, Algeria
Chouliaralo, L. (n. d.). Discourse analysis. The London School of Economics and Political Science. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/21564/.
Cockburn, P. (2018). The Saudi targeting of food supplies in Yemen is a worse story than the disappearance of Jamal Khashoggi, Published Report, Independent. Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-jamal-khashoggi-disappeared-journalist-washington-post-embassy-a8581341.html, 19/11/2018.
Dawood, M., Omar, M., & Ahmed, A. (2016). Pattern Links in Media Discourse Between Originality and Modernity: A Study in some Sudanese and Emirati News Papers. Journal of Science and Islamic Studies, 17(2).
Demasi, M. (2019). Facts as social action in political debates about the European Union. Political Psychology, 40(1), 21. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
Devetak, R. (1996). Postmodernsim, ineds, Burchill, Scott, Linklater,Andrew, Devetak,Richard, Paterson,Matthew and True, Jacqui. In Theories of International Relations. London: Macmilan Press.
Diabat K. (2019). The "Islamic Military Alliance": Between Combating Terrorism and Maintaining Saudi Security (2015-2017),. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 47(2).
Garrity, Z. (2010). Discourse Analysis, Foucault and Social Work Research. Journal of Social Work, 10(2).
Hamdi, S. (2016). Political Discourse Analysis: What it Has to Be. Egyptian Institute for Political and Strategic Studies.
Happer, C., & Philo, G. (2013). The Role of the Media in the Construction of Public Belief and Social Change. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 1(1).
Kenzhekanova, K. (2015). Linguistic features of political discourse. Mediterranean. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6 S2).
Khalylah, A. (2009). Jordan Media Policy Through the Media Vision of King Abdullah II Iben AlHussein, Unpublished master’s thesis, Middle East University , Amman-Jordan
Kirvalidze, N., & Samnidze, N. (2016). Political Discourse as a Subject of Interdisciplinary Studies. Journal of Teaching and Education, 5(1).
Labott, E., Stracqualursi, V., & Herb, J. (2018). CIA concludes Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal Khashoggi's death, sources say. Published Report, CNN Politics, Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/16/politics/cia-assessment-khashoggi-assassination-saudi-arabia/index.html, 17/11/2018.
McCargo, D. (2017). New Media, New Partisanship. International Journal of Communication, 11.
Mehdi, E. (2012). Analysis to Influential Strategic Forces in Political Discourse. Journal of AlUstath.
Roubai, S. (2015). The Role of the New Media and Communication Tools in Political Change. Unpublished master’s thesis, AlArabi Ben Mahdi University, Algeria
Sobieraj, S., & Berry, J. (2011). From incivility to outrage: Political discourse in blogs, talk radio, and cable news. Political Communication, 28(1).
Aljazeera Articles:
Aljazeera.net(1,2018). Tortured and Cut off Him, Turkish Police Claims of Killing Khashoggi in Saudi Consulate.
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2018/10/6/,
Aljazeera.net(2,2018). How Saudi Palaces and Consulates have Become Places to Hunt Dissidents?
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/reportsandinterviews/2018/10/12/
Aljazeera.net(3,2018). New Information Enhances Khashoggi Liquidation
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2018/10/10/, 6/2/2018.
Aljazeera.net(4,2018). Mohammad Bin Sulman and Khashoggi Blood:Is There way out.:
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/reportsandinterviews/2018/10/19/.
Aljazeera.net(5,2018). American Media:Bin Sulman and Intelligence officer have Ordered the Killing of Khashoggi
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2018/10/16/
Aljazeera.net(6,2018). The Disppreance of Khashoggi: Day By Day https://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2018/10/13/.
Aljazeera.net(7,2018). The Disappreance of Khashoggi: Companies, News papers and Investors.
www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2018/10/12/,
Aljazeera.net(8,2018). American Partnerships with Saudi are under Threats Because of Khashoggi Killing Crisis
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/presstour/2018/10/13
Aljazeera.net(9,2018). London has Warned AlRiyadeh: Dare Consequences of Khashoggi Killing in the Consulate.
https://www.aljazeera.net/news/international/2018/10/11/,
Al Jazeera News, (2019, 10). UN team probing Jamal Khashoggi killing arrives in Turkey, available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/team-probing-jamal-khashoggi-killing-arrive-turkey-190128055350098.html
Washington Posts Articles:
Washington Post, (2018, 1). CIA concludes Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal Khashoggi’s assassination, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html?utm_term=.84f8f979da57
Washington Post, (2018, 2). Jamal Khashoggi was brutally murdered four weeks ago. We’re still waiting for answers, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/jamal-khashoggi-was-brutally-murdered-four-weeks-ago-were-still-waiting-for-answers/2018/10/30/e4469d58-dc63-11e8-85df-7a6b4d25cfbb_story.html?utm_term=.167f73f49cf8.
Washington Post, (2018, 3). Jamal khashoggis alleged murder represents a new kind of depravity, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/jamal-khashoggis-alleged-murder-represents-a-new-kind-of-depravity/2018/10/11/38a0f784-cd89-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?utm_term=.d34363c8b657
Washington Post, (2018, 4). Saudi Arabia admits Khashoggi’s murder was premeditated. Fine. Who premeditated it?, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/saudi-arabia-admits-khashoggis-murder-was-premeditated-fine-who-premeditated-it/2018/10/25/24c20338-d884-11e8-aeb7-ddcad4a0a54e_story.html?utm_term=.d889afc98d31.
Washington Post, (2018, 5). Saudi Arabia’s latest account of Khashoggi’s death is shocking in its audacity, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/saudi-arabias-latest-account-of-khashoggis-death-is-shocking-in-its-audacity/2018/11/15/4e236dc0-e8f1-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html?utm_term=.58faa532d1b6.
Washington Post, (2018, 6). Washington Post to run full-page ad on Khashoggi killing, available at: https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/13/washington-post-ad-friday-jamal-khashoggi-1063440
Washington Post, (2018, 7). We must demand accountability for Saudi Arabia’s behaviour, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/we-must-demand-accountability-for-saudi-arabias-behavior/2018/10/15/b4b5ecc8-d0ac-11e8-b2d2-f397227b43f0_story.html?utm_term=.23a1ae337263
Washington Post, (2018, 8). White House declines to submit report to Congress on Khashoggi killing, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-declines-to-submit-report-to-congress-on-khashoggi-killing/2019/02/08/fdab7f96-2bd4-11e9-984d-9b8fba003e81_story.html?utm_term=.fdd419d1f34c.
Washington Post, (2018, 9). Why was MBS so afraid of Jamal Khashoggi?, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/let-jamal-khashoggi-be-a-beacon-of-light-even-in-death/2018/10/25/94249cce-d896-11e8-aeb7-ddcad4a0a54e_story.html?utm_term=.47a6fa41f9f5.
Washington Post, (2019, 10). Pompeo denies US trying to cover up Khashoggi killing, available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/congress/pompeo-denies-us-trying-to-cover-up-khashoggi-killing/2019/02/11/bd23a9e0-2e3f-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html?utm_term=.0982081bdc11