السياسة الشرعية في جريمة الابتزاز: دراسة فقهية

Huda Yousef Ali  Ghidan

doi:10.35516/law.v51i1.4194

Authors

Huda Yousef Ali Ghidan Department of Jurisprudence and its Principles, Sheikh Noah Al-Qudah College of Sharia and Law, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-7629

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/law.v51i1.4194

Keywords:

Sharia policy, crime concept, characteristics of extortion, ruler

Abstract

Objectives: This study emphasizes the importance of Sharia policy in addressing contemporary fiqh issues and explores the jurisprudential developments related to punitive measures for the crime of extortion. It examines the characteristics of extortion, its synonymous terms, and the evidence that prohibits it.

Methods: Using an inductive approach, the study examines Sharia texts from the Quran and Sunnah, highlighting the Sharia methodology for preserving the five necessities. Additionally, an analytical methodology is employed to study the Sharia texts, deriving general principles regarding extortion to maintain societal security.

Results: The study concludes that Islamic law is capable of addressing contemporary jurisprudential issues. Sharia policy empowers governing authorities to determine appropriate punishments for extortion in line with Sharia principles and justice. It applies specific jurisprudential principles, such as the ruler's discretion based on public interest, blocking means, the adaptability of rulings over time, and the principle of avoiding harm. Although the term "extortion" is not found in early juristic works, synonymous terms like threat, coercion, invasion of privacy, and spying exist. Extortion is characterized as a soft crime that transcends borders, is executed swiftly, and is sometimes challenging to prove.

Conclusions: extortion lacks a predetermined punishment, allowing rulers to decide penalties that serve societal interests. Preserving human life and prohibiting aggression are crucial objectives of Islamic law, making extortion impermissible. The study recommends stricter punitive measures for extortion due to its general threat to society and the need to establish appropriate penalties.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

The Holy Quran

Al-Alami, O. (2015). Controls for estimating the disciplinary punishment, a research published on the website of the Jordanian Iftaa Department.

Al-Fayrouzabadi, M. (2005). Al-Qamous Al-Muheet. (8th ed.).Al-Risala Foundation.

Al-Fayoumi, A. (n.d). Al-Misbah Al-Munir fi Gharib Al-Sharh Al-Kabir.Scientific Library.

Al-Qarafi, A. (1995). Al-Dhakhira. Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami.

Al-Hamdi, S. (2016).Shari’a Politics: Its Truth and Origins, University of Benghazi. Journal of Science and Human Studies, 18.

Ibn al-Hammam, K. (1970). Fath al-Qadeer Ali al-Hidaya. (1st ed.). Dar al-Fikr.

Al-Mawardi, A. (1980). Al-Hawi Al-Kabir in the jurisprudence of Imam Al-Shafi’i. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya.

Al-Qaffal, A. (1980). The Ornament of Scholars in Knowing the Doctrines of Jurists. (1st ed.). Al-Risala Foundation -.

Al-Mawardi, A. (1971). The Literature of the Judge,.

Al-Qurtubi, A. (1964). Al-Jami’ Ahkam Al-Qur’an,. (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Masria.

Al-Qazwini, I. (n.d). Sunan Ibn Majah. Dar Revival of the Arabic Book.

Al-Razi, A. (1999). Keys to the Unseen. (3rd ed.). Dar Revival of Arab Heritage.

Al-Shatibi, A. (2008). Al-I'tisam. Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi.

Al-Shatibi, A. (2009). Al-Mawafaqat. (3rd ed.). Dar Ibn Al-Qayyim.

Al-Shawkani, M. (1994). Fath Al-Qadeer. (1st ed.). Dar Ibn Katheer.

Ibn al-Taqatqa, M. (n.d). Al-Fakhri fi al-Adab al-Sultaniyyah fi al-Islamiyyah. Dar Sader.

Al-Zarqa, A. (1989). Explanation of Jurisprudential Rules. (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Qalam.

Al-Zarqa, M. (1988). The harmful act and the guarantee in it,. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Qalam.

Al-Zarqa, M. (1967). The General Jurisprudential Introduction. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Fikr.

Abdel-Salam, A. (n.d.). Rules of Ahkam fi Masaleh Al-Anam. Al-Azhar Colleges Library.

Amer, Abd. (1956). Ta’zeer in Islamic Sharia. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi.

Odeh, Abd. (n.d). Islamic Criminal Legislation. Dar Al-Kateb Al-Arabi.

Ibn Daqeeq, Abd. (2003). Explanation of the Forty Nuclear in the authentic hadiths of the Prophet. (6th ed.). Al-Rayyan.

El-Shazly, F., & Afifi, K. (2007). Computer Crimes. (2nd ed.). Al-Halabi Publications.

Al-Darini, F. (2013). The Characteristics of Islamic Legislation in Politics and Governance. (2nd ed.). Al-Risala Foundation.

Al-Nadawi, A. (1993). Jurisprudential rules, their concept and origins. (3rd ed.). Dar Al-Qalam.

Al-Wakil, S. (1990).Islamic political theory in human rights in human rights. Sharia Courts.

Ibn Fares, A. (1979). A Dictionary of Language Measures. Dar Al-Fikr.

Ibn Farhoun, I. (1986). The Insight of Rulers into the Fundamentals of Judiciary and Methodologies of Judgments. (2nd ed.). Al-Azhar Colleges Library

Abu Zahra, M. (1998). Crime and Punishment in Islamic Jurisprudence. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.

Al Rabah, Abd. (2009). Extortion, its causes and types. Umm Al-Qura University.

Al-Asqalani, I. (2004). Fath Al-Bari Explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari. Dar Al-Hadith

Al-Asqalani, I. (2002). Fath Al-Bari Explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Siddiq.

Hamid, S. (2011). Extortion concept and reality, researches of the symposium on extortion concept, causes and treatment. (1st ed.).

Al-Hait, A. (2011). Crimes of defamation, slander and contempt committed through electronic media. (1st ed.). House of Culture.

Al-Wahhab, Abd.(1931), Sharia politics in constitutional, foreign and financial affairs, Salafi Library: Cairo

Al-Dhaheri, I. (n.d). Al-Muhalla Al-Athar. Dar Al-Fikr.

Ibn Abdeen, M. (1986). The Confused Response to Durr Al-Mukhtar. (1st ed.). Al-Azhar Colleges Library.

Al-Bahnasy, A. (1983). Punishment in Islam. (5th ed.). Dar Al-Shorouk.

Al-Shafi’I, I. (1973). Al-Umm. (3rd ed.). Dar Al-Maarifa.

Ibn Katheer, I. (1999). Interpretation of the Great Qur’an. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya.

Al-Abkari, I. (n.d). Abtal Al-Hil (2nd ed.).. Islamic Bureau.

Khamis, A. (2018). The Problem of Electronic Extortion among Students, Master Thesis, Qaboos University, Amman.

Ibn Manzoor, M. (1994). Lisan Al-Arab. (3rd ed.). Dar Sader.

Al-Bukhari, M. (2004). Sahih Al-Bukhari. (1st ed.). Al-Mukhtar Foundation.

Al-Daghmi,M. (1985). Espionage and its rulings. (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Salam.

Al-Hajjaj, M. (2004). Sahih Muslim. (1st ed.). Makbet Al-Safa.

Ibn Najim, Z. (n.d). Al-Bahr al-Ra’iq, explaining the treasure of minutes. (2nd ed.). Dar al-Kitab al-Islami

Ibn Qudamah, A. (1968). Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah. (1st ed.).

Rashid, M. (n.d). Criminal Protection of the Victim from Abuse. Arab Journal of Security Studies, Riyadh, 33, 40.

Rawas, M. (1996). Lexicon of the Language of Jurisprudence. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Nafais.

Shaheen, K. (2018). Procedural Aspects of Electronic Crime. New University House.

Al-Asqalani, I. (1960). Fath Al-Bari Explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari. Dar Al-Maarifa:.

Al-Sherbiny, A. (1994). Mughni Al-Muhtaj Al-Minhaj Vocabulary. (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.

Al-Sijistani, S. (1988). Sunan Abi Dawood. Beirut: Dar Al-Jil.

Al-Suyuti, J. (1983). Similarities and Analogues in the Rules and Branches of Shafi’i Jurisprudence. (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Taj, Abd.(1995). Islamic politics and Islamic jurisprudence. Al-Azhar

Al-Hanbali, Z. (2008). Jami` al-`Ulum wa al-Hikum. (1st ed.). Damascus: Dar Ibn Katheer.

Al-Sarkhasi, M. (n.d). Al-Mabsout. Beirut: Dar Al-Maarifa.

Zamzami, I. (2019). Information Crimes. Saudi Arabia: Administrative Creativity Group.

Ibn Al-Atheer, M.(1979). The End in Gharib Hadith and Athar.

Al-Baradi’i, A. (2003). Al-Tahdheeb fi Akhtsar Al-Mudawana. (1st ed.).

Al-Farahidi, A. (2003). Al-Ain. (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kutub.

Al-Saad, S. & Al-Otaibi, J. (2016). Evidence and evidence in auditing from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence: A comparative accounting jurisprudence study.King Abdulaziz University Journal, Islamic Economics, 29 (3),103-154.

Mokhtar, A., & Albaraka, J. (n.d). Publications in the Maqasid Al-Shari'ah. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah: GJAT, 6(2), 157-170.

Mahmoud, H., Alomary, A. & Ghnaim, F.(2022). A Stylistic Study in Surat Al-Baynah. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 49(6), 267-279.