سَفَرٌ وَأَسْفَارٌ دِرَاسَةٌ دَلالِيَّةٌ تَأْثِيْلِيَّةٌ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.10225الكلمات المفتاحية:
سَفر، سَفَرة، أسفار، سفارة، محددات دلالية، الاقتراض اللغوي.الملخص
الأَهْدَافُ: يُسلِّطُ البَحْثُ الضَّوْءَ عَلى الوِحْدَتَينِ الدَّلالِيَّتَينِ: سفرٍ وأَسْفارٍ، واشتِقاقاتِهِما الصَّرفِيَّةِ، واسْتِعمَالِهِما فِي كُتُبِ الْلُغَةِ وَمُعْجَماتِها، مُحاوِلاً إيْجادَ علاقَةٍ بينَ الوِحدَتينِ الدَّلاليَّتينِ، وَكَشْفَ التَّأثُّرِ والتَّأثيرِ (الاقتِراضِ اللُغَوِيِّ) بَينَ العَربيَّةِ وغَيرِها مِنَ اللُغاتِ.
المَنْهَجِيَّةُ: اتَّبَعَ البَاحِثُ المَنْهَجَينِ التَّاريخيِّ والمُقارِنِ؛ وَذَلكَ أنَّ الأَوَّلَ يُناسِبُ تَتَبُّعَ الاسْتِعمالِ الْلُغَوِيِّ اعتِمادًا عَلى الدَّلالةِ المَركَزيَّةِ مُرورًا بمَراحِلِها: الوَضْعِيَّةِ فالاجْتِماعيةِ فالمُعجَمِيَّةِ، ومَا يَنتُجُ عَن الاستِعمالِ مِن صِيَغٍ صرفِيَّةٍ تَحمِلُ دلالاتٍ جدِيدَةً، أو تَطوَّرٍ دلاليٍّ: أُفُقِيٍّ أو رأسِيٍّ. أمَّا المَنْهَجُ الثَّاني فَلِمناسَبَتِهِ المُقارَنَةَ بَيْنَ اللُغاتِ، إِذْ قارَنَ الباحِثُ تِلكَ الدَّلالةِ بِغَيْرِها مِن الدَّلالاتِ في الْلُغاتِ الأُخرى، سواءٌ أكانتْ الْلُغةُ مِن فصيلَةِ اللغاتِ السَّاميَّةِ أمْ مِن غَيْرِهَا، ومَزَجَ البَاحِثُ بينَ المَنهَجَينِ لِتَحْليِلِ السِّياقِ واسْتِخلاصِ النَّتائجِ.
النَّتَائِجُ: خَلُصَ البَحْثُ إلى نَتَائِجَ عِدَّةٍ، مِن أَهَمِّها : اِشْتَرَكَتْ بَعْضُ الْلُغَاتِ السَّامِيَّةِ مَعَ الْلُغَةِ العَرَبِيَّةَ فِي الصَّيْغَة الصَّرْفِيَّةِ للسَّفَر ودَلالَتِه، وَتَدَاخَلَتْ الصِّيغَةُ الصَّرفِيَّةُ الفَارِسِيَّةُ (أفْشار) مَع العَربيَّةِ (أسفار) بِدَلالَةٍ جَديدَةٍ، وَتَماثَلَتْ صِيغَةُ الجَمْعِ العَرَبيَّةِ (أسفار) مَع اللُغاتِ السَّامِيَّةِ، فَاقْتَرَضَتِ العَربيَّةُ الدَّلالةَ السَّامِيَّةَ وَوَظَّفَهَا القُرآنُ الكَريمُ توظِيفًا دَقيقًا.
الخُلاصَةُ: تَمَيَّزَتِ الْلُغَةُ العَرِبيَّةُ باسْتِخدَامِها الصِّيغَةَ (سَفَرَ =فَعَلَ)، وتَعدَّدتْ اشْتِقاقَاتُ الأصْلِ، واسْتَعْمَلَتِ المَزيدَ (أسفَرَ= أفْعَلَ) بِدلاَلَةٍ مُتَقارِبَةٍ مِن دَلالَةِ الأَصْلِ الثُلاثِيِّ، وَظَهَرَتْ فيها- العربية- صِيغَةُ سِفْرٍ بِدلالَةٍ مختَلِفَةٍ عَن دَلالَةِ سَفَرٍ، وَأَظْهَرَ البَحْثُ التَّطَوُّرَ الدَّلاليَّ للْوِحدَةِ الدَّلاليَّةِ (سَفَر) وَكَيفَ استَفادَ المُستَعمِلُ اللُغَويُّ فِي العَصْرِ الحَديثِ مِنْ اِبْتِدَاعِ وِحدَاتٍ مِن الأَصْلِ نَفْسِهِ كالسِّفارةِ والسَّفِيرِ وجَوَازِ السَّفَر (مُصطَلَحٌ سِياسِيٌّ) نَتَجَ عَنْهُ انْتِقالٌ فِي الدَّلالَةِ.
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التنزيلات
منشور
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
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