التحليل الصوتي التداولي للخداع في الخطاب الانتخابي الأمريكي لهيليري كلنتون
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.10323الكلمات المفتاحية:
الاستراتيجيات المخادعة، انواع أفعال الكلام، تحليل التنغيم، خطاب هيليري كلنتون، عامل الهيمنة، عامل عدم الهيمنة، نغمة الإشارة، نغمة الإعلان.الملخص
الأهداف: : يهدف الخطاب السياسي كآلية عمل إلى إضفاء الشرعية على السلطة السياسية من خلال التأثير رمزياً على الجمهور. ونتيجة لذلك، استعمل المرشحون الرئاسيون الأمريكيون تكتيكات مخادعة أو مضللة مختلفة للتأثير على الرأي العام وتحقيق أهدافهم السياسية. لذا، تسعى الدراسة إلى تقصي الأنماط النغمية و أنواعها (الهيمنة وعدم الهيمنة) التي استعملتها كلينتون في خطابها المخادع.
المنهجية: لتحقيق هذا الهدف، تم استخدام نموذج انتقائي متطور، يتكون من مفهوم أوستن (1962) للأفعال الإلقائية، ونظرية كرايس (1975) في التضمين، ونموذج التنغيم لبرازيل (1994).
النتائج: لوحظ أن النغمة المعلنة أكثر استعمالا من نغمة الاشارة. أي أن النغمة المعلنة، وخاصة نغمة الهبوط، هي النغمة السائدة في خطاب كلينتون. فضلا عن ذلك، فإن عامل عدم الهيمنة أعلى من عامل الهيمنة، مما يعني أن كلينتون لم تفترض دورًا مهيمنًا في خطاباتها العامة.
الخلاصة: كشفت الدراسة أن نغمة الإعلان كانت أكثر استخدامًا من قبل كلينتون في خطابها مقارنة بنغمة الإشارة. وهذا يشير إلى افتقارها إلى المعرفة المشتركة، وخاصة أثناء إعلان ترشحها للرئاسة. لقد كانت كلينتون تنوي إشراك الجمهور وتضليله بتصريحاتها المضللة طوال حملتها الانتخابية. لذا فقد استعملت تقنيات خادعة مثل: التلفيق، والمراوغة، والتملص من المسؤولية من خلال الابتعاد عن الشخصية. كما كشفت أيضًا أنها لم تفترض موقفًا مهيمنًا في خطاباتها العامة، والتي كانت مصممة لجذب الانتباه ونقل التعاطف والرحمة والدعم لغالبية الأمريكيين.
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