وجود أرض نساء الباتاك توبا في الثقافة الأبوية، إندونيسيا
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2025.8027الكلمات المفتاحية:
مجتمع الباتاك توبا، زراعة الأرض العرفية، النظام القائم على سلطة الأب، المرأة والأرض، وجود المرأة.الملخص
الأهداف: في مجتمع قائم على سلطة الأب يكون حق ملكية الأرض في عرقية الباتاك توبا حكرًا على الرجال، وليس للنساء الحق في تطويرها أو امتلاكها. وعليه، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل دور نساء الباتاك توبا في الحفاظ على الأراضي الموروثة التي حصلن عليها وإدارتها.
المنهجية: تستخدم هذه الدراسة أساليب نوعية بمنهج وصفي. وقد جُمِعَت البيانات من خلال إجراء مقابلات متعمقة مع 180 امرأة من نساء الباتاك توبا اللاتي ورثن الأراضي من آبائهن.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج البحث أن نساء الباتاك توبا يجب أن يدركن تماماً وجود "صمامات أمان" تدعم المرأة وتعزز حقها في امتلاك الأرض الممنوحة من عائلة الأب أو الزوج. تتمثل هذه الصمامات في أنظمة التوريث من الآباء إلى البنات، ومن الأزواج إلى الزوجات، إضافة إلى تقنيات وأساليب تقسيم الأرض، وعملية التصديق التي تشرف عليها المؤسسات العرفية (داليهان نا تولو). ومع ذلك، غالبًا ما يخسرن حقوقهن لأن "أسماؤهن" كمالكات للأرض لا تُدرج في شهادات الملكية. وهكذا، يفتقرن إلى السلطة "القانونية" من الدولة التي تدعي حق امتلاك الأرض وإدارتها.
الاستنتاجات: تظهر هذه الدراسة أن ليس كل نساء توبا باتاك يفهمن الحقوق والأدوار الممنوحة لهن بموجب الأعراف وصمامات الأمان التي تدعم المرأة. لذلك، من الضروري توعية النساء بدورهن كصمامات أمان وتعزيز دور المؤسسات العرفية في تأكيد مكانة المرأة كمديرة ومالكة للأرض. يمكن أن تركز الأبحاث المستقبلية على صنع السياسات التي تحترم السياق الاجتماعي وتضع المرأة كعنصر أساسي في صمامات الأمان.
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