العوامل الدافعة للمقاتلين الأجانب للانضمام إلى الجماعات المسلحة: دراسة حالة للمقاتلين الألمان في العراق وسوريا

المؤلفون

  • Shamma Al-Dosari قسم الدراسات السياسية، كلية الأمير الحسين بن عبدالله الثاني للعلوم السياسية والدراسات الدولية، الجامعة الأردنية، عمان، الأردن https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8421-733X (غير مصرح له)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.10982

الكلمات المفتاحية:

المقاتلون الأجانب، انضمام الألمان إلى داعش في سوريا والعراق، تجنيد المسلحين للمقاتلين الأجانب

الملخص

الهدف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة العوامل النفسية والاجتماعية والسياسية والتكنولوجية التي تدفع المواطنين الألمان للانضمام إلى تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) في العراق وسوريا. وسعت الدراسة بشكل خاص إلى تحديد عوامل الدفع والجذب، ضمن نطاق العوامل المذكورة أعلاه، والتي تُسهم في دفع التطرف، وتحليل أثرها في سياق تجنيد المقاتلين الأجانب.

المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على منهجية مراجعة منهجية، حيث تم استخدام ثلاث قواعد بيانات، مثل: JSTOR وGale Academic OneFile وEmerald Insight، لإجراء عملية البحث. وقد تم تطبيق معايير الاستبعاد والشمول، مثل تحديد الإطار الزمني بين عامي 2015 و2020، والاعتماد على المجلات المحكمة، أو المقالات، مما أسفر عن اختيار ثلاث دراسات بحثية ذات صلة بالموضوع.

النتائج: كشفت النتائج أن عملية التجنيد تتأثر بمزيج من العوامل، منها نقاط الضعف النفسية، والتفكك الاجتماعي، والمظالم السياسية، وأدوات التكنولوجيا، مثل التعبئة الإنترنت.شملت عوامل الجذب الدعاية الإلكترونية، والتجنيد الجماعي، والتثبيت الهوياتي، وشبكات التواصل بين الأقران، خاصة ضمن المجتمعات الإسلامية السلفية. اما عوامل الدفع ضعف الاندماج الاجتماعي، والبطالة، وانخفاض مستوى التعليم العالي، والسجلات الجنائية السابقة. وقد تبين أن معظم المجندين من الشباب الذكورالمهمشين اجتماعيًا. ورغم إقرار جميع الدراسات بدور وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، فقد أكدت على وظيفتها كأداة تعزيز، وليست آلية تجنيد أساسية.

الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى أن التهميش الاجتماعي والسياسي، عند اقترانه بالضعف النفسي، والتعرض للتكنولوجيا، يُسهم بشكل كبير في تطرف المقاتلين الأجانب الألمان. وقد برز ضعف التكامل كعامل الدفع الأكثر ثباتًا. وتوصي الدراسة بجهود استباقية لمكافحة التطرف، تشمل سياسات اجتماعية شاملة، والاستثمار في الفئات المهمشة، وآليات الإنذار المبكر لرصد علامات التطرف.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

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التنزيلات

منشور

2026-10-01

إصدار

القسم

العلوم السياسية

كيفية الاقتباس

Al-Dosari, S. (2026). العوامل الدافعة للمقاتلين الأجانب للانضمام إلى الجماعات المسلحة: دراسة حالة للمقاتلين الألمان في العراق وسوريا . دراسات: العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية, 54(1), 10982. https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.10982