عقد الزواج الفاسد بين الفقه الإسلامي وقوانين الأحوال الشخصية في البلاد العربية الأردن، سوريا، القانون الموحد لدول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربي أنموذجًا : دراسة فقهية قانونية مقارنة
الكلمات المفتاحية:
عقد الزواج، عقد النكاح الفاسد، الأحوال الشخصيةالملخص
لقد أولى الإسلام الزواج أهمية كبيرة وجعله وسيلة بناء الأسرة والمحافظة على النسل، وقد جعل له أركانًا وشروطًا للانعقاد، وأحاطه بشروط وضوابط ليكون صحيحًا ويحقق الهدف المراد منه، فإذا تحققت هذه الأركان والشروط كان العقد صحيحًا وترتبت عليه آثاره، وإن تخلفت الأركان واختلت شروط الانعقاد كان العقد باطلاً ولم تترتب عليه آثاره، وإن فقد شرطا من شروط صحته كان العقد فاسدًا وترتبت عليه بعض آثار النكاح الصحيح، هدف هذا البحث دراسة مفهوم عقد النكاح الفاسد عند الفقهاء حيث أنهم قد اختلفوا في تحديد هذا المفهوم، ثم بيان حالات وأسباب فساد عقد النكاح؟ وما هي آثاره؟ دراسة مقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي وقوانين الأحوال الشخصية في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية والجمهورية العربية السورية والقانون الموحد في مجلس التعاون الخليجي. وقد خلص البحث إلى أنّ المذاهب الفقهية قد قالت بتقسيم عقد النكاح إلى عقد صحيح تترتب عليه كل آثار العقد الصحيح، وباطل لا تترتب عليه آثار عقد النكاح وهو في حكم المنعدم، ونوع ثالث بينهما وهو النكاح الذي تخلفت شروط صحته أو كان عقدا مختلفًا في صحته بين الفقهاء، ولم تتفق المذاهب على تسميته فبعضها كالحنابلة أطلق عليه اسم العقد الفاسد، وبعضهم كالمالكية أطلق عليه اسم العقد المختلف فيه، واضطرب الحنفية في تسميته بالعقد الفاسد أو العقد الذي فيه شبهة. وقد توصل البحث إلى موافقة قوانين الأحوال الشخصية في تقسيمها عقود النكاح إلى باطل وفاسد وصحيح، وقدم بعض التوصيات لتعديل هذه القوانين من حيث بعض حالات النكاح الفاسد وبعض آثاره.
التنزيلات
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