تأثير العمر النسبي في كرة اليد: مدى وجوده، وتأثيره في تحديد مراكز اللعب في منتخبات كرة اليد في قارة آسيا لفئتي الناشئين والشباب
الكلمات المفتاحية:
العمر النسبي، النضج، كرة اليد، الانتقاءالملخص
يُعَبِّرُ العمرُ النسبي (relative age effect) في المجال الرياضي عن الفروقات الفرديّة التي تظهر بين لاعبي الفئة السنيّة الواحدة نتيجة لتباين شهر الميلاد. وتشير الدراسات السابقة غلى أنّ العمر النسبي عامل مهمّ من عوامل النجاح والتميز في المجال الرياضي. ففي كرة اليد أظهرت بعض الدراسات العالمية وجود هذا التأثير في عملية اختيار المواهب الرياضيّة في كرة اليد الأوروبيّة على مستوى المسابقات المحليّة، ولكن ليس على مستوى النخب والمنتخبات الوطنيّة. ونظرًا إلى عدم وجود الدراسات التي تبحث تأثير العمر النسبي في لاعبي كرة اليد في قارة آسيا، هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى بحث مدى وجود تأثير العمر النسبي في عملية اختيار لاعبي المنتخبات السنيّة في قارة آسيا ومدى تأثيره أيضًا في عمليّة تحديد مراكز اللعب. وبعد تحليل بيانات المنتخبات الوطنيّة المشاركة في البطولات الآسيويّة لفئتي الناشئين والشباب وجدت الدراسة أنّ هنالك دلالة إحصائيّة مهمّة تظهر تأثير العمر النسبي في عمليّة انتقاء لاعبي المنتخبات الوطنيّة الآسيويّة وفي عمليّة تحديد مراكز اللعب. وقد أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أهميّة العمر النسبيّ في عمليّة انتقاء المواهب الرياضيّة في مجال كرة اليد وفي عمليّة تحديد مراكز اللعب.
التنزيلات
المراجع
Ashworth, J., & Heyndels, B. (2007). Selection bias and peer effects in team sports: The effect of age grouping on earnings of German soccer players. Journal of Sports Economics, 8(4), 355-377.
Baker, J., & Logan, A. J. (2007). Developmental contexts and sporting success: Birthdate and birthplace effects in national hockey league draftees 2000-2005. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Baker, J., Schorer, J., & Cobley, S. (2010). Relative age effects. Sportwissenschaft, 40(1), 26-30.
Brazo-Sayavera, J., Martínez-Valencia, M. A., Müller, L., Andronikos, G., & Martindale, R. J. (2018). Relative age effects in international age group championships: A study of Spanish track and field athletes. PloS one, 13(4), e0196386.
Buhre, T., & Tschernij, O. (2018). The impact of relative age on sampling and performance in Swedish age-group swimming system. Sport Journal.
Camacho-Cardenosa, A., Camacho-Cardenosa, M., González-Custodio, A., Martínez-Guardado, I., Timón, R., Olcina, G., & Brazo-Sayavera, J. (2018). Anthropometric and Physical Performance of Youth Handball Players: The Role of the Relative Age. Sports, 6(2), 47.
Carling, C., Le Gall, F., Reilly, T., & Williams, A. M. (2009). Do anthropometric and fitness characteristics vary according to birth date distribution in elite youth academy soccer players? Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 19(1), 3-9.
Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development. Sports medicine, 39(3), 235-256.
Collins, D., & MacNamara, Á. (2012). The rocky road to the top. Sports medicine, 42(11), 907-914.
Delorme, N., Boiché, J., & Raspaud, M. (2010). Relative age effect in elite sports: Methodological bias or real discrimination? European Journal of Sport Science, 10(2), 91-96.
Delorme, N., Chalabaev, A., & Raspaud, M. (2011). Relative age is associated with sport dropout: evidence from youth categories of French basketball. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 21(1), 120-128.
Delorme, N., & Raspaud, M. (2009). Is there an influence of relative age on participation in non-physical sports activities? The example of shooting sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(10), 1035-1042.
Ford, P. R., & Williams, M. A. (2011). No relative age effect in the birth dates of award-winning athletes in male professional team sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(3), 570-573.
Gerdin, G., Hedberg, M., & Hageskog, C.-A. (2018). Relative Age Effect in Swedish Male and Female Tennis Players Born in 1998–2001. Sports, 6(2), 1-12.
Gibbs, B. G., Jarvis, J. A., & Dufur, M. J. (2012). The rise of the underdog? The relative age effect reversal among Canadian-born NHL hockey players: A reply to Nolan and Howell. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 47(5), 644-649.
Gil, S. M., Gil, J., Ruiz, F., Irazusta, A., & Irazusta, J. (2007). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: relevance for the selection process. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 438-445.
Gómez-López, M., Granero-Gallegos, A., Molina, S. F., & Ríos, L. J. C. (2017). Relative age effect during the selection of young handball player. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(1), 418.
Gómez López, M., Angosto Sánchez, S., Ruiz Sánchez, V., & Pérez Turpin, J. A. (2017). Relative age effect in handball players of Spain.
Gutiérrez Aguilar, Ó., Saavedra García, M., & Fernández Romero, J. J. (2017). Constituent year effect in international handball at high level.
Helsen, W. F., Baker, J., Michiels, S., Schorer, J., Van Winckel, J., & Williams, A. M. (2012). The relative age effect in European professional soccer: Did ten years of research make any difference? Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1665-1671.
Ibáñez, S. J., Mazo, A., Nascimento, J., & García-Rubio, J. (2018). The Relative Age Effect in under-18 basketball: Effects on performance according to playing position. PloS One, 13(7), e0200408.
Karcher, Ahmaidi, & Buchheit. (2014). Body dimensions of elite handball players with respect to laterality, playing positions and playing standard. Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 3(4).
Karcher, C., & Buchheit, M. (2014). On-court demands of elite handball, with special reference to playing positions. Sports Medicine, 44(6), 797-814.
Lago-Peñas, C., Casais, L., Dellal, A., Rey, E., & Domínguez, E. (2011). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing positions: relevance for competition success. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3358-3367.
Malina, R. M. (2009). Children and adolescents in the sport culture: the overwhelming majority to the select few. Journal of exercise science & fitness, 7(2), S1-S10.
Matthys, S. P., Vaeyens, R., Vandendriessche, J., Vandorpe, B., Pion, J., Coutts, A. J.,... Philippaerts, R. M. (2011). A multidisciplinary identification model for youth handball. European Journal of Sport Science, 11(5), 355-363.
McCarthy, N., & Collins, D. (2014). Initial identification & selection bias versus the eventual confirmation of talent: evidence for the benefits of a rocky road? Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(17), 1604-1610.
McCarthy, N., Collins, D., & Court, D. (2016). Start hard, finish better: further evidence for the reversal of the RAE advantage. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(15), 1461-1465.
Pizzuto, F., Bonato, M., Vernillo, G., La Torre, A., & Piacentini, M. F. (2017). Are the world junior championship finalists for middle-and long-distance events currently competing at international level? International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(3), 316-321.
Romann, M., & Fuchslocher, J. (2011). Influence of the selection level, age and playing position on relative age effects in Swiss women’s soccer. Talent Development & Excellence, 3(2), 239-247.
Romann, M., & Fuchslocher, J. (2013a). Influences of player nationality, playing position, and height on relative age effects at women's under-17 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(1), 32-40.
Romann, M., & Fuchslocher, J. (2013b). Relative age effects in Swiss junior soccer and their relationship with playing position. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(4), 356-363.
Schorer, J., Baker, J., Büsch, D., Wilhelm, A., & Pabst, J. (2009). Relative age, talent identification and youth skill development: Do relatively younger athletes have superior technical skills. Talent Development and Excellence, 1(1), 45-56.
Schorer, J., Cobley, S., Büsch, D., Bräutigam, H., & Baker, J. (2009). Influences of competition level, gender, player nationality, career stage and playing position on relative age effects. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 19(5), 720-730.
Schorer, J., Wattie, N., & Baker, J. R. (2013). A new dimension to relative age effects: constant year effects in German youth handball. PloS one, 8(4), e60336.
Silva, A. S., Barreiros, A., & Fonseca, A. M. (2016). The Relative Age Effect in Team Sport: What if we Look at it from a Different View?
Thompson, A. H., Barnsley, R. H., & Battle, J. (2004). The relative age effect and the development of self-esteem. Educational Research, 46(3), 313-320.
Till, K., Cobley, S., Wattie, N., O'hara, J., Cooke, C., & Chapman, C. (2010). The prevalence, influential factors and mechanisms of relative age effects in UK Rugby League. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 320-329.
Wrang, C. M., Rossing, N. N., Diernæs, R. M., Hansen, C. G., Dalgaard-Hansen, C., & Karbing, D. S. (2018). Relative age effect and the re-selection of Danish male handball players for national teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 63(1), 33-41

