The Jurisprudential Sects and the Policy of the Ruling Authority in Andalusia up to the End of the Almoravid Era (138-541 AH / 1056-1147 CE)

Bade’ Mohammad Ibrahim

doi:10.35516/hum.v51i5.10078

Authors

Bade’ Mohammad Ibrahim College of Arts, Anbar University, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-1871

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v51i5.10078

Keywords:

Islamic Sects, Andalusia, Awza’i, Maliki, Shafi’i, Zahiri

Abstract

Objectives: This research aims to investigate the circumstances that facilitated the entry of Islamic sects into Andalusia, the stance of the ruling authority toward them, and how these factors influenced the spread or limitation of these sects within Andalusian society. Andalusia experienced the introduction of several Islamic sects, including the Awza’i, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’i, and Zahiri schools of thought. The influence of these sects on public life and politics varied depending on the policies of the Andalusian rulers.

Methods: The study comprises an introduction, five main sections, and a conclusion summarizing the findings. The research employs a historical investigative approach, analyzing historical narratives that explore the presence of these sects in Andalusia and the response of the ruling authority to their spread. Key sources and references supporting this analysis are documented throughout.

Results: The findings indicate that sects such as the Maliki school received support from the ruling authority, which significantly contributed to their acceptance and influence among the broader society. In contrast, other sects struggled to establish a presence due to a lack of official endorsement, resulting in limited reach and influence and a reduced ability to compete with the Maliki doctrine.

Conclusions: This research highlights the complex relationship between sectarian scholars and the Andalusian ruling authority, as well as the impact of this relationship on the spread or restriction of various sects. The study reveals that the ruling authority's support was a determining factor in a sect’s influence within Andalusian society.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdel Rahman, D. (2019). The doctrinal and political impact on the extinction of schools of jurisprudence in the Islamic Maghreb and Andalusia. Journal of Sharia and Law, 6(1).

Al-Abadi, A. (n.d.). Abbasid and Andalusian history. Beirut: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabi.

Al-Dhahabi, M. (1993). Biography of noble figures (2nd ed.). Beirut: Al-Resala Foundation.

Al-Hamidi, M. (1966). The ember of the quoted in mention of the governors of Andalusia (1st ed.). Egypt: Egyptian House for Writing and Translation.

Al-Jaidi, A. (1993). Investigations in the Maliki doctrine in Morocco (1st ed.).

Al-Juhani, M. (1420 AH). The easy encyclopedia of contemporary religions, sects, and parties (4th ed.). Riyadh: International Symposium House for Islamic Youth.

Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, A. (2001). History of Baghdad (B. A. Ma'rouf, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami.

Al-Maqdisi, M. (1991). Ahsan Al-Taqasim fi Ma’rifat Al-Aqlim (3rd ed.). Cairo: Madbouly Library.

Al-Muqri, A. (1995). Nafh al-Tayyib min al-Ghusn al-Andalus (1st ed.). Beirut.

Al-Omari, A. (1984). Baqi bin Mukhlid Al-Qurtubi (d. 276 AH) and the introduction to his Musnad (1st ed.).

Al-Qadi Ayyad, A. (n.d.). Arranging the perceptions and approximating the paths to know the signs of Malik’s doctrine (M. S. Hashim, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.

Al-Samar’i, K. H., & others. (2000). The history of the Arabs and their civilization in Andalusia (1st ed.). Beirut: United New Book House.

Boujloul, M. (2006). Introduction to the Maliki doctrine (1st ed.). Syria: Dar Al-Nahda.

Bourbonna, I. (2019). The Maliki doctrine and its spread in Andalusia from the first to the third century AH / seventh to ninth century AD. (Master’s thesis). University of Guelma, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.

Ibn Abi Shaybah, A. (1989). Al-Musannaf fi Al-Hadith wal-Athār (K. Y. Al-Hout, Ed.). (1st ed.). Lebanon: Dar Al-Taj.

Ibn Adhari, A. (1980). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib (J. S. Colan & L. Provencal, Eds.). Beirut: House of Culture.

Ibn Al-Athir, A. (1997). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh (O. A. Tadmuri, Ed.) (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubani.

Ibn Al-Fardi, A. (1988). The history of scholars and narrators of knowledge in Andalusia (A. I. Al-Attar Al-Husseini, Ed.). (2nd ed.). Egypt: Al-Madani Press.

Ibn Al-Qutiyya, A. (1989). History of the conquest of Al-Andalus (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Lubani.

Ibn Asakir, A. (1996). History of the city of Damascus (M. A. S. O. bin Gharamah al-Amrawi, Ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.

Ibn Farhoun, I. (1966). Al-Dibaj Al-Madhab fi Ma’rifat Al-Imam Al-Madhhab (M. bin M. Al-Jinan, Ed.). (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.

Ibn Hazm, M. (2007). The letters of Ibn Hazm (I. Abbas, Ed.) (2nd ed.). Beirut: Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing.

Ibn Khaldun, A. (2001). The introduction (S. Zakkar, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.

Ibn Khalkan, Sh. (1971). Deaths of notables and news of the sons of the time (I. Abbas, Ed.) (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Sader.

Ibn Khutaybah, A. (1989). History of the conquest of Al-Andalus (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Lubani.

Munis, H. (1997). Sheikhs of the age in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Rashad.

Na’nai, A. (1986). History of the Umayyad state in Andalusia. Beirut: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

Provencal, L. (1994). Arab civilization in Spain (A. T. A. Makki, Trans.) (3rd ed.). Egypt: Dar Al-Maaref.

Qutlubugha, Z. (1962). Crown of translations in the Hanafi classes. Baghdad: Al-Ani Press.

Rabouh, A. (2018). The Maliki doctrine in Andalusia from the emergence to the era of empowerment and sovereignty. Al-Maaref Journal for Historical Research and Studies, 4(19).

Sayyed Al-Ahl, A. (1966). Imam Al-Awza’i, jurist of the people of the Levant. United Arab Republic: Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs.

Sharhabili, M. (2000). The development of the Maliki school of thought in the Islamic West until the end of the Almoravid era. Morocco: Ministry of Endowments and Religious Affairs.