تغيرات ملامح النخبة البرلمانية بالمملكة المغربية (1963 – 2021)

Khalid   Hamdane; Saliha  Bouagaga

doi:10.35516/hum.v50i6.143

Authors

Khalid Hamdane Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah in Fez, Fez, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-4083
Saliha Bouagaga Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah in Fez, Fez, Morocco

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i6.143

Keywords:

Kingdom of Morocco, parliamentary elite, house of representatives, legislative elections, legislature, women's representation, youth representation

Abstract

Objectives: The study aims to identify the changes that characterize the political elite that comprises the Moroccan House of Representatives. To monitor the development of this elite in the new contexts related to the human rights reference on the one hand, and the developments of the parliamentary function, which has become an elite with scientific, technical and academic skills to deal with the tasks of legislation, oversight and evaluation of public policies.

Methods: To study the features of the Moroccan parliamentary elite, the topic included all members of the House of Representatives. The results of each legislature have been analyzed since the first Moroccan constitution in 1962 until now, taking into account the legal and political contexts and peculiarities that characterize each legislature.

Results: The results showed that the representation of Moroccan women did not exceed a quarter of the council, and the youth representation did not exceed one sixth, despite the incentive measures provided to these groups. The study also showed that the category of contractors and the private sector has become nearly half of the council's members during the last states, while the proportion of university-level owners has become nearly three-quarters of the council.

Conclusions: The study concluded that there are contradictions in the features of the Moroccan parliamentary elite and its electoral base. However, it witnessed a gradual development, from one legislature to another, due to the entry of young people, women, people with a high level of education, and the private sector.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aggarwal, S., & Sagar, S. (2018). An Analytical Approach for Decision-Making. International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 2 (3), http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.2.3.123

Bahador, B., Entman, R., & Knüpfer, C. (2019). Who’s elite and how the answer matters to politics. Political Communication, 36(1), 195–202, https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2018.1548412

El Hachimi, M. (2019). Democratisation as a learning process: the case of Morocco. Rabat: Center of Studies and Research in Social Sciences.

Lammers, J. C., & Garcia, M. A. (2017). Institutional theory approaches. The International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118955567.wbieoc113

Lasswell, H. D. (1936). Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. New York: Whittlesey House.

Mariotti, C. (2022). Elite Theory. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs (pp. 427-432). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_67-1

Meyer, T., & Chalise, S. C. (1999). Legislative elite and the Nepalese parliament: A study of their class characteristics. Contributions to Nepalese Studies, Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies and Tribhuvan University, 26(1), 27-64.

Mosca, G. (1939). The Ruling Class. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Pareto, V. (1909). Manual of Political Economy. (2014). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Sgarbi, A. (2013). What is a good legislative definition? Beijing Law Review, 4(1), 28-36.

Sives, A. (2008). The general election in Jamaica, September 2007. Notes on Recent Elections Electoral Studies, University of Liverpool, 27, 356-390.

Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. London: J. M. Dent.

قائمة المصادر والمراجع باللغة الفرنسية

André, A., & Ansart, P. (1999). Le Robert : Dictionnaire de sociologie. Paris : Seuil.

Azzolini, G. (2016). Les élites politiques et la démocratie: Perspectives théorico-politiques. Le Philosophoire, 46, 87-105.

Bamohamed, N. (1982). Le parlement dans le système politique marocain, Thèse pour le Doctorat d’Etat en Droit n’est pas publiée, Université Lille II, France.

Bendourou, O. (1985). L’organe exécutif au Maroc depuis l’indépendance. Paris: Publisud.

Bentaouzer, O., El Hajjaji, K., Ferrali, R., & Goeury, D. (2017). Le Maroc vote: Les élections législatives en chiffres (1963 - 2011). Rabat: Tafra Associatiation.

Bourdieu, P. (2001). Langage et pouvoir symbolique. Paris: Seuil.

Coenen-Huther, J. (2004). Sociologie des élites. Paris: Armand Colin.

Dehousse, R. (2002). Une Constitution pour l’Europe ?. Paris: Presses de Sc. Po.

Deveaux, E. (2002). Finance publique. Paris: Ed. Bréal.

Dupond, P. (2013). Platon République: Commentaire des livres V, VI et VII. Sans lieu: Phylopsis.

Esmein, A. (1914). Éléments de droit constitutionnel français et comparé. (6é éd). Paris: Recueil Sirey, 1914.

Favoreu, L. (1990). Le Droit constitutionnel, Droit de la constitution et constitution du Droit. Revue française de droit constitutionnel, 1, 78-83.

Genieys, W. (2006). Nouveaux regards sur les élites du politique. Revue Française de Science Politique, 56(1), 121-147.

Genieys, W. (2011). Sociologie politique des élites. Paris: Armand Colin

Gourdon, J. (1974). Chronique politique du Maroc. Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, 11, 393-409.

Hamdane, K. (2019). Nouveau regard sur l’élite du Parlement en matière de finances. Revue Al Boughaz des Etudes Juridiques et Judiciaire, 2, 35-48.

Hammoudi, I. (2012). Le mouvement du 20 Février: identité, évolution et perspectives. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Politiques et Sociales, 4, 185-219.

Jaume, L. (2007). Représentation: Une fiction malmenée. Pouvoirs, 1(120), 5-16.

Leferme, F., & Renterghem V. (2001). Le concept d’élites: Approches historiographiques et méthodologiques. Hypothèses, 1(4), 57-67.

Moreau, P. Y. (1999). La notion de délibération en droit constitutionnel français (Doctoral dissertation, Limoges).

ONU. (2019). Année Internationale de la jeunesse. Retrived form http://www.un.org.

Pactet, P. (1991). Institutions politiques et droit constitutionnel. (10ème éd), Paris: Masson.

Pezant, J. L. (2001). Le parlementarisme rationalisé et système majoritaire. Paris: Montchrestien.

Porejo Fernandez, A. (1999). Classe politique et institutionnalisation parlementaire au Maroc depuis 1977. Revue juridique et politique et économique du Maroc, 31-32, 83-115.

Poyet, C. (2016). Le député prisonnier de sa circonscription: étude de la réactivité des parlementaires au prisme des contraintes institutionnelles et territoriales (Doctoral dissertation, Bordeaux).

Reignier, D. (2013). L'organisation interne des groupes parlementaires. Revue française de droit constitutionnel, 2(94), 415 – 436.

Relot, M., & Jean, W. (1969). La science politique. Paris: PUF.

Rousseau, D. (1992). Droit des contentieux constitutionnels. Falaise: Montchrestien.

Shimi, M. (1986). Les élites parlementaires: Continuité ou renouvellement. In Edification d'un Etat moderne, le Maroc de Hassan II, Tome I, (pp. 101-105). Paris: Editions Albin Michel.

Soucramanien, F. M. (1997). Les adaptations du principe d’égalité à la diversité des territoires. Revue française de droit administratif, 5(13), 906-925.