The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Providers (HCPs) for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Cases of COVID-19

Nada  Al Buniaian; Hmoud  Al-Olimat; Reham  Abu Ghaboush; Abduruhman  Alajmi; Talal  Alqdah

doi:10.35516/hum.v49i6.3740

Authors

Nada Al Buniaian Family Medicine Consultant, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
Hmoud Al-Olimat Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar
Reham Abu Ghaboush Department of Social Work, School of Arts, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Abduruhman Alajmi Prince Sultan Hospital -Urairah-Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia
Talal Alqdah Department of Social Work, School of Arts, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i6.3740

Keywords:

COVID-19, healthcare provider, mental health, anxiety, Tylor Scale

Abstract

The healthcare providers who actively participated in the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to experience mental health problems. This cross-sectional study sought to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare providers' mental health. It evaluated a sample of 220 out of 2000 who participated in the Saudi Arabia Eastern Province pandemic. Tylor scale was used to analyze the anxiety levels, where the independent variables included age, gender, job type, job nature, and faith degree (religious commitment). The results indicated a significant relationship between the independent variables analyzed. The Tylor scale showed that (34.55%) of the participants had middle anxiety levels, and (11.81%) of the participants had high anxiety levels. The study also found that other sample characteristics do not correlate with TMAS levels. This study provides information that may help mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in the healthcare system. Practical solutions, including education and policy reformulations, may be incorporated into addressing healthcare providers’ mental health needs and challenges.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alajmi, A. F., Al-Olimat, H., Ghaboush, R. A., & Buniaian, N. A. A. (2021). Social Avoidance and stigma among healthcare providers who deal with Coronavirus COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia (Version 1). Advance. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.14237312.v1 ([]).

Al-Dossary, R., Alamri, M., Albaqawi, H., Al Hosis, K., Aljeldah, M., Aljohan, M. & Almazan, J. (2020). Awareness, Attitudes, Prevention, and Perceptions of COVID-19 Outbreak among Nurses in Saudi Arabia. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8269.

Al Sulais, E., Mosli, M., & Al Ameel, T. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physicians in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi journal of gastroenterology: The Saudi Gastroenterology Association's official journal, 26(5), 249.

Ali, M. A., Al-Khani, A. M., &Sidahmed, L. A. (2020). Migrant health in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(8), 879-880.

Alikhani, R., Salimi, A., Hormati, A., Aminnejad, R. (2020). Mental health advice for frontline healthcare providers caring for patients with COVID-19. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01650-3

Alkozahe, H. (2020). Challenges impede AIDS patients in Jordan to integrate into society, Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, The University of Jordan, 47(2).

Anil, I., & Alagha, O. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 14(1), 117-128.

Archer, M. (2017). The positive effects of religion on mental illness. Institute for family studies.

Badahdah A., Khamis F., Al Mahyijari N., Al Balushi M., Al Hatmi H., Al Salmi I., Albulushi Z., Al Noomani J. (2020) The mental health of health care workers in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207 64020 93959 6

Bin Nafisah, S.A.; Mzahim, B.Y.; Aleid, B.S.; Sheerah, S.A.; Almatrafi, D.Q.; Ciottone, G.R.; Al Anazi, K.H.; Khan, A.A. The risk of Coronavirus to healthcare providers during aerosol-generating procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Thorac. Med. 2021, 16, 165–171.

Brandford, A. A., & Reed, D. B. (2016). Depression in registered nurses: a state of the science. Workplace health & safety, 64(10), 488-511.

Buuren, S. (2018). Flexible imputation of missing data, (2nd Ed.). Boca Raton, F: CRC Press.

Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X

Choi, J.; Shin, T.G.; Park, J.E.; Lee, G.T.; Kim, Y.M.; Lee, S.A.; Kim, S.; Hwang, N.Y.; Hwang, S.Y. Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on the First-Pass Success of Endotracheal Intubation in the ED: A Propensity-Score-Matching Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1060.

Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current directions in psychological science, 1(3), 98-101.

El-Boghdadly, K.; Wong, D.J.N.; Owen, R.; Neuman, M.D.; Pocock, S.; Carlisle, J.B.; Johnstone, C.; Andruszkiewicz, P.; Baker, P.A.; Biccard, B.M. Risks to medical personnel following tracheal intubation of patients with COVID-19: A prospective international multicentre cohort study. Anaesthesia 2020, 75, 1437–1447.

Forouhari, S., Teshnizi, S. H., Ehrampoush, M. H., Mahmoodabad, S. S. M., Fallahzadeh, H., Tabei, S. Z.,... & Dehkordi, J. G. (2019). Relationship between religious orientation, anxiety, and depression among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48(1), 43.

Gaskin, J. (2016). Data Screening, Gaskination's StatWiki. http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com

Giorgi G, Lecca LI, Alessio F, Finstad GL, Bondanini G, Lulli LG, Arcangeli G, Mucci N. COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 27;17(21):7857. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217857. PMID: 33120930; PMCID: PMC7663773

Greenberg, N. (2020). Mental health of healthcare providers in the COVID-19 era. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 1-2.

Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., Wessely, S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. British Medical Journal, 368, Article m1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1211.

Hou, T., Zhang, T., Cai, W., Song, X., Chen, A., Deng, G., & Ni, C. (2020). Social support and mental health among health care providers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model. PloS one, 15(5), e0233831.

Hsieh, C. M., & Tsai, B. K. (2019). Effects of Social Support on the Stress-Health Relationship: Gender Comparison among Military Personnel. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(8), 1317.

Khanal, P., Devkota, N., Dahal, M., Paudel, K., & Joshi, D. (2020). Mental health impacts among health providers during COVID-19 in a low resource setting: a cross-sectional survey from Nepal. Globalization and health, 16(1), 1-12.

Maimon, O. and Rokach, Lior.(2010). Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook, (2nd). Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.

Muller, R. A. E., Stensland, R. S. Ø., & van de Velde, R. S. (2020). The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare providers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 113441.

Naser, A. Y., Al-Hadithi, H. T., Dahmash, E. Z., Alwafi, H., Alwan, S. S., & Abdullah, Z. A. (2020). The effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak on social relationships: A cross-sectional study in Jordan. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 0020764020966631.

Taber, K.S. (2018). The Use of Cronbach's Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Res Sci Educ 48, 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2

Xu, N., Lv, A., Li, T., Li, X., Huang, M., & Su, Y. (2021). Experiences of healthcare providers during the coronavirus pandemic and its impact on them: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ open, 11(2), e043686. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043686.