The Status of Women in War: A Bibliometric Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v52i4.7243Keywords:
gendering war, bibliometric analysis, women, violent extremism, armed conflict.Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on the status of women in the context of war. Despite the richness of literature on armed conflicts, there has been less systematic evaluation of the research output concerning this important gendered dimension of war.
Methods: The study draws on 187 articles retrieved from the Scopus database, using the phrase "The status of women in war" in the search query to identify relevant publications. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine the patterns in publication productivity across countries, citation impact, key sources, affiliations, authorship trends, and thematic keywords.
Results: The findings reveal a gradual increase in research outputs related to women and war over the past three decades, with notable spikes following major conflicts in the 21st century. However, the citation impact of this work has decreased over time. The analysis also highlights the dominance of scholarship from Western countries, indicating the need to incorporate diverse global perspectives.
Conclusions: The paper concludes that while scholarship on women's gendered experiences of conflict is expanding, critical gaps remain in equitably representing diverse voices and contexts. Prioritizing interdisciplinary, intersectional analyses through collaborative global networks is needed to elevate overlooked perspectives for a comprehensive understanding of the urgency of women's realities in war.
Downloads
References
Afshar, H. (2007). Women, wars, citizenship, migration, and identity: Some illustrations from the Middle East. The Journal of Development Studies, 43(2), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380601125057
Agius, C., Edney-Browne, A., Nicholas, L., & Cook, K. (2022). Anti-feminism, gender, and the far-right gap in C/PVE measures. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 15(3), 681–705. https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2021.1967299
Ahmed, S. (2013). The cultural politics of emotion. The Cultural Politics of Emotion, 1–224. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203700372
Alix-Garcia, J., Schechter, L., Valencia Caicedo, F., & Jessica Zhu, S. (2022). Country of Women? Repercussions of the Triple Alliance War in Paraguay. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 202, 131–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEBO.2022.07.025
Allison, R. (2011). Race, Gender, and Attitudes Toward War in Chicago: An Intersectional Analysis1. Sociological Forum, 26(3), 668–691. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1573-7861.2011.01267.X
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOI.2017.08.007
Blee, K. (2020). Where Do We Go From Here? Positioning Gender in Studies of the Far Right. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 21(4), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2020.1851870
Blee, K. (2021). Women in white supremacist extremism. European Journal of Politics and Gender, 4(2), 315–317. https://doi.org/10.1332/251510821X16140911385376
Boyle, F., & Sherman, D. (2006). ScopusTM: The Product and Its Development. The Serials Librarian, 49(3), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1300/J123V49N03_12
Byrne, B. (1996a). Towards a Gendered Understanding of Conflict. IDS Bulletin, 27(3), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1759-5436.1996.MP27003004.X
Byrne, B. (1996b). Towards a Gendered Understanding of Conflict. IDS Bulletin, 27(3), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1759-5436.1996.MP27003004.X
Chenoy, A. M. (2004). Women in the South Asian conflict zones. South Asian Survey, 11(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/097152310401100104/ASSET/097152310401100104.FP.PNG_V03
Cockburn, C. (2010). Gender Relations as Causal in Militarization and War. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 12(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616741003665169
Cohn, C. (2013). Women and Wars: Toward a Conceptual Framework. Women and Wars.
D'Costa, B. (2012). Nation-building, gender and war crimes in South Asia. Nation-building, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia, 1–246. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203850015
Davies, L. (2008). Gender, education, extremism and security. Compare, 38(5), 611–625.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920802351432
Davies, P. (2000). The Relevance of Systematic Reviews to Educational Policy and Practice. Oxford Review of Education, 26(3–4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/713688543
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2021.04.070
Dowler, L. (2002). Till Death do us Part: Masculinity, Friendship, and Nationalism in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1068/D40j, 20(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1068/D40J
Fangen, K., & Skjelsbæk, I. (2020). Editorial: special issue on gender and the far right. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 21(4), 411–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2020.1851866
Follingstad, D. R., Barczak, R. M., & Kistler, L. C. (2022). The Red Zone Risk for College Sexual Assault: A Critical Review of the Literature. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/15248380221134293, 24(5), 3528–3545.
https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221134293
Gagolewski, M. (2011). Bibliometric impact assessment with R and the CITAN package. Journal of Informetrics, 5(4), 678–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOI.2011.06.006
Giri, K. (2021). Do All Women Combatants Experience War and Peace Uniformly? Intersectionality and Women Combatants. Global Studies Quarterly, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/ISAGSQ/KSAB004
Giscard d’Estaing, S. (2017). Engaging women in countering violent extremism: avoiding instrumentalisation and furthering agency. Gender & Development, 25(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2017.1279823
Gizelis, T. I. (2018). Systematic Study of Gender, Conflict, and Peace. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/PEPS-2018-0038/ASSET/GRAPHIC/J_PEPS-2018-0038_FIG_004.JPG
Grayzel, S. R. (2013). Women and the First World War. Routledge, 1–193. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838076
Henshaw, A. L. (2016). Where Women Rebel. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 18(1), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2015.1007729
Jan Marie Fritz, G., Fritz, J., W B, swb S., Belgin Gumru, F., & Marie Fritz, J. (2009). Women, Peace and Security: An Analysis of the National Action Plans Developed in Response to UN Security Council Resolution 1325. Societies Without Borders, 4(2), 209–225. https://doi.org/101163/187219109X447485
Kamali, M., Munyuzangabo, M., Siddiqui, F. J., Gaffey, M. F., Meteke, S., Als, D., Jain, R. P., Radhakrishnan, A., Shah, S., Ataullahjan, A., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Delivering mental health and psychosocial support interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 5(3), e002014. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJGH-2019-002014
Karam, A. (2000). Women in War and Peace-building: The Roads Traversed, The Challenges Ahead. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 3(1), 2–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740010019820
Mahmood, S. (2019). Negating Stereotypes : Women , Gender , and Terrorism in Indonesia and Pakistan. Perspectives on the Future of Women, Gender & Violent Extremism. Washington, DC: The George Washington University.
Moore, M. W., & Barner, J. R. (2017). Sexual minorities in conflict zones: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 35, 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AVB.2017.06.006
Moosa, Z., Rahmani, M., & Webster, L. (2013). From the private to the public sphere: new research on women’s participation in peace-building. Gender & Development, 21(3), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2013.846585
Moral-Muñoz, J. A., Herrera-Viedma, E., Santisteban-Espejo, A., & Cobo, M. J. (2020). Software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in science: An up-to-date review. Profesional de La Información / Information Professional, 29(1), 1699–2407. https://doi.org/10.3145/EPI.2020.ENE.03
Ní Aoláin, F. (2016). The ‘war on terror’ and extremism: assessing the relevance of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. International Affairs, 92(2), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12552
Patra, S. K., Bhattacharya, P., & Verma, N. (2006). Bibliometric Study of Literature on Bibliometrics. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology.
Pearson, E., Winterbotham, E., & Brown, K. E. (2020). The Far Right and Gender. Rethinking Political Violence, 233–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21962-8_7/COVER
Piela, A. (2012). Women and War in the Middle East: Transnational Perspectives. Women: A Cultural Review, 23(1), 105–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2012.644683
Pin-Fat, V., & Stern, M. (2005). The Scripting of Private Jessica Lynch: Biopolitics, Gender, and the “Feminization” of the U.S. Military. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/030437540503000102, 30(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540503000102
Pratt, N., & Richter-Devroe, S. (2011). Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 13(4), 489–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2011.611658
Riley, R. L. (2008). Women and War: Militarism, Bodies, and the Practice of Gender. Sociology Compass, 2(4), 1192–1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1751-9020.2008.00132.X
Rothermel, A. K. (2020). Gender in the United Nations’ agenda on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 22(5), 720–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2020.1827967
Singh, S. (2017). Gender, Conflict and Security: Perspectives from South Asia. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/2347797017710560, 4(2), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347797017710560
Sjoberg, L. (2009). Introduction to security studies: Feminist contributions. Security Studies, 18(2), 183–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410902900129/ASSET//CMS/ASSET/F8543F1A-F052-40CE-AF3A-9E40421098F1/09636410902900129.FP.PNG
Snoubar, Y., & Duman, N. (2016). Impact of Wars and Conflicts on Women and Children in Middle East: Health, Psychological, Educational and Social Crisis. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 3(2), 202–206. https://doi.org/10.26417/EJSER.V6I2.P211-215
Sweetman, C. (2017). Introduction: gender, development and fundamentalisms. Gender and Development, 25(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2017.1304063/ASSET//CMS/ASSET/71A4C0FA-344C-4838-BE99-424483C8891D/13552074.2017.1304063.FP.PNG
Tickner, J. A., & Sjoberg, L. (2011). Feminism and international relations : conversations about the past, present, and future. 274.
True, J., & Eddyono, S. (2021). Preventing Violent Extremism – What Has Gender Got to Do With It? European Psychologist, 26(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/A000434
Whitworth, S. (2004). EXCERPTED FROM Men, Militarism, and UN Peacekeeping: A Gendered Analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers. www.rienner.com
Wilson, F. (2002). Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence. Journal of Refugee Studies, 15(4), 424–425. https://doi.org/10.1093/JRS/15.4.424
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2024-04-30
Published 2025-03-10
