The Economic Life of Tripoli (1875–1911): An Analysis of Muḥammad Hilāl Effendi's Documents as a Primary Source

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to highlight the economic conditions of the Wilaya of Tripoli of the West through the documents of Judge Muḥammad Hilāl Effendi. The study also sheds light on the economic activity and role played by the city of Tripoli of the West during the Ottoman rule.

Method: The study adopted the historical research method, which relies on collecting and analyzing historical material by referring to primary sources. Historical information was gathered and analyzed based on the documents of Judge Muḥammad Hilāl Effendi to provide a comprehensive understanding of the economic and political dimensions of Tripoli of the West during the Ottoman era. The analysis focuses on the role of Tripoli as a strategic center for trans-Saharan trade and the Ottoman administrative strategies in facing colonial challenges.

Results: One of the most prominent findings of this study is that Tripoli of the West possessed significant economic potential through its natural resources, such as halfa grass, which was an important commodity for trade with European markets. Muḥammad Hilāl Effendi’s document also indicated the existence of diverse agricultural and commercial potentials in the city of Tripoli, located on the Mediterranean Sea. Its strategic location played a major role in attracting trade ships and providing goods at competitive prices. Additionally, the stability of the region contributed to creating a favorable environment for economic prosperity.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the city of Tripoli of the West was an important and active economic center that generated substantial revenues for the Ottoman state.