Great Powers' National Security Strategy towards International System's Shift:  The Case of the United States and Russian Federation”

Wasfi  Aqeel

doi:10.35516/hum.v49i5.3473

Authors

Wasfi Aqeel Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i5.3473

Keywords:

National security strategy, great powers, United States, Russia, international changes, international system

Abstract

This research discusses the national security strategy of the United States of America and the Russian Federation according to international changes between 2000 and 2020. The study proposed a shift in the national security strategies from the strongest nation concept to the global cooperation and collaboration principles. This modification was due to the change in the structure and values of the international system, Therefore, this study uses the Principles of New Realism, Using the international system approach to clarify the nature of the new entries in it. This study concluded that the United States and Russia still depend the realistic on the superior nation principle when making national security decisions. despite the claim of nations’supremacy of liberal values based on international cooperation and integration, which appeared in their international behavior.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, A. (2008). The Role of Research Centers in US Foreign Policy-making, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Syria: Damascus University.

AlAwadi, H. (2017). Russian foreign policy in the time of President Vladimir Putin, Berlin: Arab Democratic Center for Strategic Studies.

AlFatlawi, S. (2014). Principles of Global and Regional International Organizations, append: House of Culture for Publishing and Distribution.

Al-Anbari, Prof. (2019). The Russian Strategy Toward Syria, Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Law and Political Science, Issue 2, Volume 10, pp. 44-47.

Al-Arqan, P. (2018). Russian foreign policy towards the crises in the Middle East 2011-2016, an unpublished master's thesis, Mafraq: Al al-Bayt University.

Badarin, B. (2006). Deep concern in Jordan over negative and “hostile” attitudes toward Clinton and the scenario of “early elections” jumps before the end of the US presidential elections, Al-Quds Al-Arabi, May 6, 2016, https://www.alquds.co.uk

Bigman, J. (2014). Contemporary Diplomacy: Representation and Communication in the World of Globalization, translated by Muhammad Safwat, Cairo: Dar Al-Fajr for Publishing and Distribution.

Bin Gharbi, M. (2008) The future of the United Nations in the light of globalization, Beirut: Al-Halabi human rights publications.

Breno, T. (2009). Four Years to Change the World Bush’s Strategy 2005-2008, translated by: Qasim Al-Miqdad, Journal of Political Thought, Issue 24, pp. 240-260.

Dunn, T. (2004) Liberalism in The Globalization of World Politics, edited by John Bellis and Steve Smith, Dubai: Gulf Research Center.my cycle, c; And baldly, R. (1995) Conflicting Theories in International Relations, translated by Walid Abdel-Hay, Amman: Ahmed Yassin C Fahmy, A. (2006), Introduction to the Study of Strategy, Amman: Dar Majdalawi.

Firouzabadi. (2005). Al-Qamoos Al Muheet, 8 ed., Beirut: The Message Foundation, Beirut.

Fukuyama, F. (1993). The End of History and the Seal of Human Beings, translated by Hussein Amin, Cairo: Al-Ahram Center, Cairo.

Husseini, F. (2006). Strategic Management, Amman: Wael House for Printing and Publishing.

Jawad, K.H. (2018). Turkish European Mutual Motives in Turkey's Accession, 225(2), Baghdad, University of Baghdad.

Kadi, M. (2009). The role of neoliberalism in the economic crises of the capitalist system, an unpublished master's thesis, Irbid: Yarmouk University.

Kamel, W. (1995). A study of Iraqi external security and its investigation strategy, Iraq, Baghdad: Ministry of Culture and Information.

Kaod, J; And Al-Jaab, P. (2018). US National Security Document 2017. An Analytical Reading in Donald Trump's Strategy, Strategic Readings, Year Ten, Issue Twenty, April 2018, Palestine: Palestinian Planning Center.

Khalil, I. (2016). The Intellectual Foundations of Liberalism - A Critical Study, Journal of Policy and Law, Issue 15/2016.

Masry, KH. (2014). Constructivism Theory in International Relations, Damascus University Journal of Economic and Social Sciences, Volume 30, Number Two.

Masry, K.H. (2014). An Introduction to the Theory of International Relations, Damascus: Dar Nineveh.

Merden, S. (2014). Cultural Conflict in International Relations: The West and Islam, in. The Globalization of World Politics, Editing: John Bellis and Steve Smith, Gulf Research Center.

Milad, M. (1993). Basic concepts in the decision-making process, Cairo: The Arab Library.

Mahmoud, P.O. (2013). Middle Powers in the International System: Definitions and Theoretical Trends, Cairo: Cairo University.

Rabeea, M. and Mimic, Prof. (1994). Encyclopedia of Political Science, Kuwait: Kuwait University Publications.

Ruslan, A. (1980). The Theory of International Conflict: A Study in the Development of the Contemporary International Community, Cairo: The Egyptian General Book Authority.

Sarhan, B. (2014). The European Union's foreign policy towards the Arab region 2001-2012, an unpublished master's thesis, mafraq: Al al-Bayt University.

Sheikh, N. (2014). Russia and Geostrategic Changes in the Arab World, in, The Geostrategic Repercussions of the Arab Revolutions, Qatar: The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.

Tashtush, E. (2008). Terrorism Its Correction and Its Meaning, Irbid: Al-Kindi House for Publishing and Distribution.

Obeidat, M. (2017). The Impact of Multinational Corporations on Political Development in Africa 2008-2015, Unpublished Master Thesis, Irbid: Yarmouk University.

Odeh, C. (2014). Introduction to Middle East Strategic Studies, Cairo: House of the Arab Bureau of Knowledge, Cairo, Egypt.

Wilts, B. (2004). Transnational Parties and International Organizations in Global Politics, in the book The Globalization of Global Politics, edited by John Bellis and Steve Smith, translated by the Gulf Center, Dubai: The Gulf Research Center.

Zahra, P. (2013). Contemporary Theories in International Relations: An Analytical Study of the Macro Theories, Amman: Wael Publishing and Distribution House.

Brands, H. (2014). The Pretty Successful Superpower, American Interest, 14.Nov, N.Y. USA.

Brooks, S. G., and Ikenberry, J, William, Wohlforth, W. (2013). Don’t Come Home, America: The Case Against Retrenchment, International Security, 37 (3), 7–51.

Brown, C. (1992). International Relations Theory: New Normative Approaches, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Buzan, B. (1991). People, state and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war. Harvester Wheatsheaf, UK.

Buzan, B. (2003).Command of the common; the military foundation of U.S. hegemony, international security, 28(1), 13.

Buzan, B. (2014).Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, N.Y, USA.

Chivvis, C. (2014).Toppling Qaddafi: Libya and the Limits of Liberal Intervention,.Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.

Dannreuther, R. (1997).Russian Perceptions of the Atlantic Alliance, Edinburgh, 51.Edinburgh University,Scotland.

Donnan, S. (2015). World Trade Organisation: Moves on from Stalled Doha Roun, Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/08968f4e-a682-11e5-9700-2b669a5aeb83

Doyle, M. W. (1995). Liberalism and World Politics Revisited, in Charles W. Kegley-ed, Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and Neoliberal Challenge, New York:St.Martins Press.

Dugin, A. (1993). The Great War of Continents,” in Konspirologiya [Conspirology, Arctogaya, Moscow, UR.

Dunlop, J. (2004). Aleksandr Dugin’s Foundations of Geopolitics,” Demokratizatsiya, 12 (1).

Dvorkin, V. (2016). Wars and Armies: Carte Blanche: A New Treaty of the Extension of .START III,” Nezavisimaya Gazeta Online, August 23.

Erdogan, K. (2010). Doubling NATO. Functional and Geographical Enlargement of Alliance, Doctoral Thesis, Old Domininion University (ID3407396).

Feaver, P. (2017). Five Takeaways from Trump’s National Security Strategy, FP- Foreign Policy, December 18, 2017.https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/12/18/five-takeaways-from-trumps-national-security-strategy.

Hobden, S., and Jones, R.(2016). Marxist theories of international relations , in The Globalzation of world politicsm; edt John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, Oxford. USA.

Huntingtun, Samuel, (1996). The Clash of Civilisations and The Remaking of World Order, 1996,WWW.Washington Post.Com/wp-srv/style/longterm.

Kant, Immanuel. (1991). Political Writings, ed. Hans Reiss, Cambridge University Press.

Keohane, Robert O. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press.

Kotkin,S. (2016). Russia’s Perpetual Geopolitics: Putin Returns to Historical Patterns, Foreign Affairs, 95(3). (MAY/JUNE 2016), pp. 2-9 (8 pages) https://www.jstor.org/stable/43946851

Laruelle, M. (2015).The Russian World: Russia’s Soft Power and Geopolitical Imagination, Washington, D.C.: Center on Global Interests, May 2015, p. 1.

Lavrov, S. (2016). Russia’s Foreign Policy: Historical Background,” Russia in Global Affairs, March 5, 2016. http://www.voltairenet.org/article190623.html.

Lavrov, S. (2017). The Euro-Atlantic Region: Equal Security for All,” Russia in Global Affairs, January 23, 2017:http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/The_Euro-Atlantic_Region:_Equal_Security_for_All-14888.

Lukin, A. (2016). Russia in a Post-Bipolar World, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 58(1), February–March.

Lukyanov, F. (2017). The Lost Twenty-Five Years,” Russia in Global Affairs, 2016. 2017:http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/redcol/The-Lost-Twenty-Five-Years-18012.

Mazarr. M. J., and Miranda. P., Radin, A., Cevallos, A. (2017). Alternative Options for U.SPolicy Toward the International Order, Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Califorania, USA.

Mearsheimer, J., and Walt, S. (2006). The Israel Lobby and us foreign policy, the London Review of book, 28 (1), 15.

Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power, Public Affairs, USA.

Radin, A., and Reach, C. (2017) Russian Views of the International Order, Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif, USA.

Russian Presidency of the 2015 Ufa Summit, (2015).VII BRICS Summit: 2015 Ufa Declaration, University of Toronto BRICS Information Center.http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/150709-ufa-declaration_en.html.

Shuster, S. (2016). Why Russia Is Rebuilding Its Nuclear Arsenal, Time.

Snider, D. M. (1995). The National Security Strategy: Documenting Strategic Vision. Strategic Studies Institute: https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1995/ssi_snider.pdf.

Steana, J., and Lioyed P. (2006). Introduction to International Relations , Pearson, London.

Stent, A. (2016). Putin’s Power Play in Syria: How to Respond to Russia’s Intervention, 121, (Matthew Dal Santo).Foreign Affairs, January/February.

Suslov, D. (2015).Normandy Four: The Best Possible Format,” Valdai International Discussion. Club, February 10, 2015.

Putin ,V. (2017). Putin’s Prepared Remarks at 43rd Munich Conference on Security Policy,” Munich, February 12, 2007. As of January:http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/12/AR2007021200555.html.

Wallerstein, I. (1996) The Inter-state Structure of the Modern World System; In International Theory, Positivism and Beyond, Cambridge University Press.

Wipperfuerth, C. (2012). Russia's Foreign and Security Goals, Russia’s Foreign Affairs, Mosco.

المواقع الاليكترونية

aljazeera.net11/1/2017،:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/presstour/2016/4/28/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9-

aljazeera.net19/1/2017،:https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/events/2016/11/9/%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9

aljazeera.net:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/politics/2020/10/14/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%83

SIPRI: WWW. SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2020

RT, Arabic.rt,com/news/805975-13/12/2015 7/12/2019

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, February 12, 2013.As of January 23, 2017: http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/ content/id/122186

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Fundamental documents, Russian Federation's National Security Strategy, December 2015. https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/ official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id/589768

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2020,May 12, 2009.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation, National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation 2015, December 31, 2015.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, (2017).NATO Defense Planning Process,” webpage, January 30, 2017. As of June 12, 2017:http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49202.htm

White House, National security strategy of the United States of America, The United State of America, DC 2017, p7https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905-2.pdf

World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org.

Yabloko Political Committee, Operation in Syria and the Threats to the National Security. Moscow: Russian Democratic Party Yabloko, November 16, 2015.