The Distinctive Psychological Features of Swimmers in Jordan and its Relation to the Achievement Motivation

Ibrahim  Al-Zghoul; Mohammad  Al Dababseh

doi:10.35516/hum.v50i4.5755

Authors

Ibrahim Al-Zghoul Directorate of Education for Ajloun Region, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1812-0099
Mohammad Al Dababseh University of Jordan, School of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-9939

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i4.5755

Keywords:

Psychological features, swimming, achievement motivation.

Abstract

Objectives: This study assesses the distinctive psychological features of swimmers in Jordan. It also assesses the relationship between the distinctive psychological features and the achievement motivation and whether there is a difference in these psychological features according to gender, age, and the swimmers’ classification variables.

Methods: The researchers used the descriptive method. The sample consisted of 150 swimmers (100 males and 50 females) who were listed in the Jordanian swimming federation records for 2019. They were chosen randomly. To collect data, a questionnaire was designed to measure the psychological features of swimmers which consisted of (25) items distributed into (5) fields. Another questionnaire was designed to assess achievement motivation and consisted of (18) items. Descriptive statistics were generated and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data.

Results: The means of distinctive psychological features of swimmers in Jordan were high. There is a positive relationship between all the psychological features and the achievement motivation. Males have significantly higher mean values in self–control feature than females. Females have significantly higher mean values in the perseverance and wellness than males. The 14 years and younger swimmers have higher mean values in braveness and boldness compared to other age groups. Finally, swimmers play at club level have higher mean values in the self-control and perseverance and the wellness than other groups.

Conclusions: There is a need for swimming coaches to pay attention to developing the psychological characteristics of swimmers because of their positive input on motivation and thus improving the achievement of swimmers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abadah, H. (2000). Emotional traits and their relationship to the level of digital achievement for junior swimmers: a comparative study. Physical Education Research Magazine, Zagazig University, Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, 23(54), 54-74.

Abbas, R. (2014). The relationship of achievement motivation and self-confidence with the accuracy of free throw basketball. Al-Qadisiyah of Sports Sciences Journal University of Basra, College of Sports Education, 14(1).

Abbas, R., & Karim, M. (2013), Personality Traits of Athletes and Non-Athletes, Babylon University, College of Sports Education. Journal of Basic Education, 10(10), 201-2014.

Almilady, Abd. (2006). Personality and its traits. (1st ed.). Alexandria: University Youth Foundation.

Abdel-Fattah, A., & Ruby, A. (1998). Selecting the Gifted in the Sports Field. (1st ed.). Cairo: Library Science.

Abdul Hamid, H. (2005). Mental Health. (3rd ed.). Amman: Dar Al-Fikr for Printing and Publishing.

Abu Altaieb, M. H., Ay, K. M., Al Dababseh, M. F., Bataineh, M. F., Al-Nawaiseh, A. M., &Taifour,A. (2017).The impact of an educational course for swimming on free style swimming performance and life skills for deaf students. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 12(4). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-1378.

Adnan, S. (2005). Gender. Master thesis, Palestine, Jerusalem.

Ahmed, M. (1994). Motivational Traits of Swimming, Water Polo and Diving Players: A Comparative Study. Faculty of Physical Education for Boys in El-Haram, Helwan University, 1, 235-223.

Al Dababseh, M. F., Ay, K. M., Abu Al-Taieb, M. H., Hammouri, W. Y., & Abu Areeda, F. S. (2017). The relationship between psychological compatibility and academic achievement in swimming. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.122.16.

Al-Badri, S., & Al-Kindi, S. (2019). The reasons for the superiority of females over males from the point of view of those concerned in the educational ceremony and parents of students. Rawafed journal, 3(1), 10-133.

Al-Ghazawi, I., & Ibrahim, M. (2015). Sports Psychology and the Psychological Dimensions of Sports Performance. (1st ed.). Amman: Al-Warraq Publishing and Distribution.

Ali, A. (2016). Personality traits and their relationship to achievement motivation among high-level players in gymnastics. Master’s thesis, Bani Youssef University, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Psychology.

Al-Khaza’leh, M., Attia, M., Al-Momani, Tahseen, A., & Al-Khikani, A. (2011). The Psychology of Football. (1st ed.). Amman: The Arab Society Library for Publishing and Distribution.

Allawi, M. (2007). The entrance to the Sports Psychology. (6th ed.). Egypt: Al-Kitab Center for Publishing.

Allawi, M. (2009). The entrance to the Sports Psychology. (7th ed.). Cairo: Al-Kitab Center for Publishing.

Al-Maghrabi, A., & Suleiman, M. (2005). A Study of Some Personal Traits of Handball Players in Jordan. Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Jordan, 32(2), 337-325.

Al-Maliki, S. (2008). Psychological skills and its relationship to the motivational traits of female tennis players. Journal of the College of Physical Education, 21(2), 1.

Al-Moussawi, F. (2007). A study of comparing personality traits between short and long distance swimmers. Journal of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, University of Baghdad, (2), 289.

Al-Zoubi, A. (2010). The Psychology of Adolescence. (1st ed.).The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Amman: Zahran House.

Al-Zoubi, S., & Al-Khayat, M. (2011). Sports Psychology. (1st ed.). Amman: Dar Al-Raya for Publishing and Distribution.

Al-Zubaidi, R. (2011). Some psychological features and their relationship to the accuracy of kinetic behavior for fencing players and juniors with a fencing weapon. Journal of Physical Education Sciences, 4(4), 1-23.

Audience, H. (2017). Some psychological variables and their relationship to the motivation of sports achievement among individual game players at the University of Jordan. Dirasat: Educational Sciences Studies, 44(4), 131-140.

Ay, K. M., Halaweh, R., & Abu Al-taieb, M. (2013). Positive self-talk and its effect on learning the grab start skill in swimming and self-efficacy improvement. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 13(2), 578 - 582.

Bazio, S. (2016). Sports Psychology. Mohamed Khedir Biskra University, Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities.

Bouaziz, M. (2016). Physical intelligence-kinetic and its relationship to self-confidence among Karate players. Master's thesis, Mohamed Boudiaf University.

Cattell, R. (1967). Personality theory derives from quantitative experiment: comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams.

Fawzi, A. (2006). Principles of Sports Psychology: Concepts and Applications. (1st ed.). Jordan: Arab Thought House.

Galal, S., & Allawi, M. (1987). Sports Educational Psychology. (1st ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Marefa.

Gould, D., & Dieffenbach, K. (2002). Psychological Characteristics and Their Development in Olympic Champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 172-2.

HALAWEH, R. S., Ay, K. M., & ABU AL -TAIEB, M. H. (2013). Movement Satisfaction in Relation to Learning Sport Skills in Mixed Practical Courses at faculty of Physical Education at the University of Jordan. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 13(2), 231 - 237.

Halfon, A. (2010). Skill Capacities For Water Polo Players Of Abron American University. Journal Article, New York .

HAMMOURI, W., Ay K., & AL-DABABSEH, M. (2016). Impact of mastery cooperative learning strategy and individual inquiry on attaining the technical aspects of the stages of shot put and digital achievement using the linear method among the students of the University of Jordan. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 50-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.01009.

Hussein Abdul, R. (2015). Sports and Psychology. (2nd ed.). Amman: Safaa Publishing and Distribution House.

Hussein, A., & Ben Tayeb, Sh. (2015). The importance of psychological preparation in training swimmers 14-16 years old. Master's thesis, Abdelhamid Ben Badis University - Mostaganem.

Ibrahim, M. (2013). The relationship of kinetic innovation to some psychological variables among some Olympic sports players. A master’s thesis, Menoufia University, Faculty of Physical Education.

John Robert, S. (2011). Physical Aspects For Juniors Swimmers for Arena Institute Training Centers. Journal Boil of Sport, Watcher, Engel.

Jordan Swimming Federation. (2020). Jordan, PO Box 183156, Amman 11118.

Khaled, Gh., & Saleh, Abd. (2019). The role of adapted sports activity in the development of some psychological traits among the physically disabled. A master’s thesis, University of Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Republic of Algeria.

Khalil, I. (2014). Psychological Features Necessary for Selecting Water Polo Juniors. The Scientific Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, Helwan University, Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, (72), 177-205.

Majeed, R., & Rasen, N. (1997). Psychology in Training and Modern Sports Competitions. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Basra.

Manesen, T. (2011). Physical Characteristic as of foot ball Players for Juniors. American Journal of human Biology, United states.

Maqableh , M., Hatamleh, M., & Mukhademh, Abd. (2015). The relationship between some psychological traits and the level of achievement of short-distance runners in Jordanian universities. A master’s thesis, University of Jordan.

Moussa, B. (2017). Some personality traits (social, emotional balance, control) and its relationship to achievement motivation among second-stage students. A master’s thesis, Mohamed Bousayaf University, Al-Musliya, Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities.

Nabil, M., Bilal, Q., & Ibrahim, Z. (2018). The relationship of self-confidence to the motivation of sports achievement among karate athletes, class Akaber. Master's thesis, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities.

Omar, T., & Khannouch, A. (2016), Personal traits and their relationship to the motivation of sports achievement among football players, class 18. Master's thesis, University of Bouira, Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities.

Ramadan, A. (2015). Evaluating the reality of physical and psychological preparation in the formation of minor groups and its reflections on sports results. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(19), 109-121.

Rateb, O. (2000). Sports Psychology. (3rd ed.). Cairo: Arab Thought House.

Sayed, S. (2003). The human and his Mental Health. (1st ed.). Cairo: The Egyptian Lebanese House.

Shtewi, Th. (2017). The level of self-confidence and its relationship to the motivation of sports achievement among team sports players in Palestinian universities. Journal of Educational Studies, 11(3), 483-499.

Wahdan, N. (2010). Building a comprehensive profile to select swimming juniors. Assiut for Physical Education Sciences and Arts Journal, 3(30), 248-278.

Zahran, H. (1994). Psychological Guidance and Counseling. Cairo: Dar Al-Kutub