الكرب النفسي كمتغير وسيط في العلاقة بين خبرات الطفولة السلبية والاكتئاب لدى عينة من مرضى الباطنية في الأردن

Eaman Hasan Alnsoor; Mohammad Mahmoud BaniYounes

doi:10.35516/hum.v52i6.6848

Authors

Eaman Hasan Alnsoor Department of Psychological Counseling, Ministry of Education, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5074-2343
Mohammad Mahmoud BaniYounes Department of Psychology, Arts, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3022-3813

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v52i6.6848

Keywords:

Psychological Distress, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depression, Internal Medicine Patients.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to identify psychological distress as a mediating variable in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression among a sample of internal medicine patients in Jordan. The study sample consisted of 302 patients (both male and female) who were attending internal medicine clinics at the Jordan University Hospital and the Royal Medical Services Hospital - Medical City.

Methodology: The study followed a descriptive-analytical approach. To achieve the study's objective, three psychological scales were applied: the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Scale, and the Hospital Depression Scale (HDS).

Results: The study found a statistically significant effect of psychological distress as a mediating variable in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression among the study sample. It was found that the indirect effect of adverse childhood experiences on depression through the mediating variable of psychological distress was greater than the direct effect without the presence of a mediating variable. Therefore, psychological distress is considered a partially influential mediator.

Recommendations: Based on the study's results, several recommendations were made, the most important of which is the necessity of discussing mechanisms and factors that mitigate the impact of adverse childhood experiences. Many individuals who were exposed to adverse childhood experiences suffer from the risk of depression and other psychological problems. It is essential to understand and address the factors that expose children to danger and to protect them from violence

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American psychological association (2020). American Psychological Association. 7th edition, 428. https://faculty.tamuc.edu/jdavis/tmgt/599/242/TMGT599-242-Syllabus.pdf

Annunziata, M. A., Muzzatti, B., Bidoli, E., Flaiban, C., Bomben, F., Piccinin, M., & Mella, S. (2020). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 28, 3921-3926.‏

Center on the Developing Child (2007). The Impact of Early Adversity on Child Development (InBrief). Retrieved from www.developingchild.harvard.edu659

Chen, L., Qu, L., & Hong, R. Y. (2022). Pathways linking the big five to psychological distress: Exploring the mediating roles of stress mindset and coping flexibility. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(9), 2272

Clements-Nolle, K., & Waddington, R. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and psychological distress in juvenile offenders: The protective influence of resilience and youth assets. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(1), 49-55.

Daines, C. L., Hansen, D., Novilla, M. L. B., & Crandall, A. (2021). Effects of positive and negative childhood experiences on adult family health. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-8.

Debnath, R., Tang, A., Zeanah, C. H., Nelson, C. A., & Fox, N. A. (2020). The long‐term effects of institutional rearing, foster care intervention and disruptions in care on brain electrical activity in adolescence. Developmental science, 23(1), e12872.

Fassaert, T., De Wit, M. A. S., Tuinebreijer, W. C., Wouters, H., Verhoeff, A. P., Beekman, A. T. F., & Dekker, J. (2009). Psychometric properties of an interviewer‐administered version of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) among Dutch, Moroccan and Turkish respondents. International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 18(3), 159-168.‏

FitzPatrick, B. (2019). Validity in qualitative health education research. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 211-217.‏

Gomes, F., Schuetz, P., Bounoure, L., Austin, P., Ballesteros-Pomar, M., Cederholm, T., & Bischoff, S. C. (2018). ESPEN guidelines on nutritional support for polymorbid internal medicine patients. Clinical nutrition, 37(1), 336-353.‏

Herriford, W. (2019). What Is the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Assessment and How Is It Used?. Available at: What Is the ACE Assessment and How Is It Used? (knowledgeworks.org).

Hoffmann, B., Blaivas, M., Abramowicz, J., Bachmann, M., Badea, R., Braden, B., ... & Dietrich, C. F. (2020). Medical student ultrasound education, a WFUMB position paper, part II. A consensus statement of ultrasound societies. Medical Ultrasonography, 22(2), 220-229.‏

Hou, H., Zhang, C., Tang, J., Wang, J., Xu, J., Zhou, Q., & Wang, W. (2022). Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress: Can Benevolent Childhood Experiences Counteract the Negative Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 800871-800871.

Karunanayake, D. D. K. S., Babmarawana, D. T., & Vimukthi, N. D. U. (2020). The relationship between negative childhood experiences and later appearance of drug addiction. International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, 8(4).

Lechien, J. R., Chiesa‐Estomba, C. M., Place, S., Van Laethem, Y., Cabaraux, P., Mat, Q., ... & Cantarella, G. (2020). Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild‐to‐moderate coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Internal Medicine, 288(3), 335-344.

Li, E. T., Luyten, P., & Midgley, N. (2020). Psychological mediators of the association between childhood emotional abuse and depression: a systematic review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 1346.

Makwana, N. (2019). Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 8(10), 3090.

Meinck, F., Cosma, A. P., Mikton, C., & Baban, A. (2017). Psychometric properties of the adverse childhood experiences abuse short form (ACE-ASF) among Romanian high school students. Child abuse & neglect, 72, 326-337.‏

Metzler, M., Merrick, M. T., Klevens, J., Ports, K. A., & Ford, D. C. (2017). Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative. Children and youth services review, 72, 141-149.

Montazeri, A., Vahdaninia, M., Ebrahimi, M., & Jarvandi, S. (2003). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health and quality of life outcomes, 1, 1-5.‏

Nadeem, A., Ahmad, S. F., Al-Harbi, N. O., Fardan, A. S., El-Sherbeeny, A. M., Ibrahim, K. E., & Attia, S. M. (2017). IL-17A causes depression-like symptoms via NFκB and p38MAPK signaling pathways in mice: Implications for psoriasis associated depression. Cytokine, 97, 14-24.

Pace, C. S., Muzi, S., Rogier, G., Meinero, L. L., & Marcenaro, S. (2022). The Adverse Childhood Experiences–International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in community samples around the world: A systematic review (part I). Child Abuse & Neglect, 129, 105640.

Polenakovic, M., & Donev, D. (2019). Prof. Aleksandar Josifovich Ignjatovski, Founder and First Director of the Clinic for Internal Medicine and the First Head of the Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje, R. Macedonia. prilozi, 40(2), 119-131.‏

Powdhar, S. (2019). Association between adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic status, access to care and depression in adults. Senior Honors Theses & Projects. Honors Theses and Projects. https://commons.emich.edu/honors/659.

Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Sarkar, M., & Curran, T. (2015). Resilience training in the workplace from 2003 to 2014: A systematic review. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 88(3), 533-562.‏

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. johnJohn wiley & sons.

Silverberg, W. V. (2013). Childhood experience and personal destiny: A psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. Springer.‏

Smout, M. F. (2019). The factor structure and predictive validity of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) in children and adolescents. Australian Psychologist, 54(2), 102-113.‏

Yang, Y., Ma, X., Kelifa, M. O., Li, X., Chen, Z., & Wang, P. (2022). The relationship between childhood abuse and depression among adolescents: The mediating role of school connectedness and psychological resilience. Child Abuse & Neglect, 131, 105760.

‏Zheng، K.، Chu, J., Zhang, X., Ding, Z., Song, Q., Liu, Z., & Yi, J. (2022). Psychological resilience and daily stress mediate the effect of childhood trauma on depression. Child Abuse & Neglect, 125, 105485.

Zhu, J., Sun, L., Zhang, L., Wang, H., Fan, A., Yang, B., & Xiao, S. (2020). Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in the first-line medical staff fighting against COVID-19 in Gansu. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11.