الصلابة النفسية كمتنبىء بالضغوط النفسية لدى الأطباء والممرضين خلال جائحة كورونا في الأردن

Manar Saeed  Bani Mostafa

doi:10.35516/hum.v50i5.914

Authors

Manar Saeed Bani Mostafa Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4600-4974

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i5.914

Keywords:

Psychological hardiness, psychological stress, doctors, nurses, Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objectives: The current study aimed at revealing the level of psychological hardiness and the level of psychological stress among doctors and nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in Jordan. It also aimed at unveiling the predictive ability of psychological hardiness and the variables of gender, occupation, age, workplace and exposure to injury in managing psychological stress.

Methods: The study used psychological hardiness scale and psychological stress scale among randomly selected (184) doctors and nurses working during this period. The descriptive predictive approach was used for its relevance to the study questions.

Results: The results of the study indicated that the level of psychological hardiness and the level of psychological stress among doctors and nurses was high. The psychological hardiness variable accounted for 37.10% of the total explained discrepancy, and the variable ‘dealing with people infected with the Covid-19 viruses clarified an amount of 1.50% of the variance. The percentile contribution of the variables of gender, occupation, and infection with the Covid-19 virus in explaining the variation in psychological stress was statistically insignificant.

Conclusions: The study recommends that the Jordanian Ministry of Health should take more preventive and sanitary measures and procedures to protect medical and nursing staff from pests and diseases that they may be exposed to while performing their duty.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdel- muti, H. (2006) life stress and ways to confront them. (1st ed.). Cairo: Zahraa Elsharq.

Akbarizadeh, F., Jahanpour, F., & Hajivandi, A. (2013). The Relationship of General Health, Hardiness and Spiritual Intelligence Relationship in Iranian Nurses. Iranian Journal Psychiatry, 8(4), 165–167.

Al-Azzam, Z. (2014). Psychological hardness and emotional adjustment among diabetic patients in Irbid Governorate. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

Albert, E., Albert, M., Kadar, A., Krizbai, T., & Marton, R. (2012). Relationship between the characteristics of the psychological immune system and the emotional tone of personality in adolescents. The new education review, 23(1),103-115.

Albott, C. S., Wozniak, J. R., McGlinch, B. P., Wall, M. H., Gold, B. S., & Vinogradov, S. (2020). Battle buddies: Rapid deployment of a psychological resilience intervention for health care workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Anesthesia and analgesia.

Al-Sayed, W. (2018). Study of psychological stress and its relationship to quality of life among faculty members at King Saud University. International journal of educational psychological studies, 3(1), 25-48.

Amin, S. (2020). The psychology of coronavirus fear: Are healthcare professionals suffering from corona-phobia?. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 13(3), 249–256.

Azarian, A., Farokhzadian, A. A., & Habibi, E. (2016). Relationship between psychological hardiness and emotional control index a communicative approach. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 5(5), 216-221.

Bani- Mustafa, M. S. ., & Al-Shiyab, S. M. . . (2020). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Program in Reducing Psychological Stress among Female Teachers of Students with Special Needs in Jordan. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 47(1), 94–107. Retrieved from https://dsr.ju.edu.jo/djournals/index.php/Edu/article/view/1709.

Boyraz, G., & Legros, D. N. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and traumatic stress: probable risk factors and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(6-7), 503-522.

Brooks, S., Amlot, R., Rubin, G. J., & Greenberg, N. (2020). Psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth in disaster-exposed organizations: overview of the literature. BMJ Mil Health, 166(1), 52-56.‏

Carmassi, C., Foghi, C., Dell'Oste, V., Cordone, A., Bertelloni, C. A., Bui, E., & Dell'Osso, L. (2020). PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: What can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry research, 292, 113312.

Choochom, O. (2014). Antecedents and consequences of psychological immunity. Humanities Soc Sci Rev, 3(3), 191-197.

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior research and therapy, 38(4), 319- 345.

Heath, C., Sommerfield, A., & von Ungern‐Sternberg, B. S. (2020). Resilience strategies to manage psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a narrative review. Anaesthesia, 75(10), 1364-1371.

Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A. K., & Zhou, X. P. (2020). Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi, 192-195.

Jalloh, M. F., Li, W., Bunnell, R. E., Ethier, K. A., O’Leary, A., Hageman, K. M., ... & Redd, J. T. (2018). Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ global health, 3(2), e000471.

Kalantar, J., Khedri, L., Nikbakht, A., & Motvalian, M. (2013). Effect of psychological hardiness training on mental health of students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(3), 68.

Lambert, V. A., Lambert, C. E., & Yamase, H. (2003). Psychological hardiness, workplace stress and related stress reduction strategies. Nursing & Health Sciences, 5(2), 181-184.

Lau, J. T., Yang, X., Tsui, H. Y., Pang, E., & Wing, Y. K. (2006). Positive mental health-related impacts of the SARS epidemic on the general public in Hong Kong and their associations with other negative impacts. Journal of Infection, 53(2), 114-124.

National Center for PTSD. (2020). Managing Healthcare Workers' Stress Associated with theCOVID-19VirusOutbreak. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/covid/COVID_healthcare_workers.asp.

US Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020). Managing healthcare workers’ stress associated with the COVID-19 virus outbreak. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/covid/COVID_healthcare_workers.asp.

Rosen, N. (2020). Tips For Managing Stress as a Healthcare Worker During Covid-19. Retrieved from https://www.dispatchhealth.com/blog/managing-stress-as-a-health-care-worker-during-covid-19/.

Seçer, İ., Ulaş, S., & Karaman-Özlü, Z. (2020). The effect of the fear of COVID-19 on healthcare professionals’ psychological adjustment skills: mediating role of experiential avoidance and psychological resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2784.‏

Shultz, J. M., Baingana, F., & Neria, Y. (2015). The 2014 Ebola outbreak and mental health: current status and recommended response. Jama, 313(6), 567- 568.

Sirois, F. M., & Owens, J. (2021). Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: a rapid systematic review of the evidence. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 589545.

Stein, S. J., & Bartone, P. T. (2020). Hardiness: Making stress work for you to achieve your life goals. John Wiley & Sons.

Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International journal of social psychiatry, 66(4), 317-320.

Vagni, M., Maiorano, T., Giostra, V., & Pajardi, D. (2020). Hardiness, stress and secondary trauma in Italian healthcare and emergency workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 12(14), 5592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145592.

Xiao, S., Luo, D., & Xiao, Y. (2020). Survivors of COVID-19 are at high risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Global health research and policy, 5, 1-3.