اتجاهات السياسة الأمريكية تجاه إيران من أوباما وترامب إلى بايدن (2009-2202): بين الانخراط الدبلوماسي والضغوط القصوى
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v51i3.3682الكلمات المفتاحية:
الولايات المتحدة، إيران، الأمن، العقوبات، منطقة الخليج، الضغط الأقصى، الاحتواءالملخص
الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم تحليل معمق للسياسة الأمريكية تجاه إيران خلال الفترة 2009-2022. كما تهدف الدراسة إلى تبيان مجموعة التحديات والعقبات التي تحاصر العلاقات الأمريكية الإيرانية، وطبيعة اختلاف الأدوات التي وظفتها الإدارات الأمريكية المتعاقبة للتعامل مع إيران.
المنهجية: تقدم الدراسة عبر استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي تحليلًا عميقًا للأهداف الأمريكية المتعلقة بإيران، والتكتيكات المستخدمة لتحقيق الأهداف المحددة. استندت الدراسة إلى مصادر ومراجع متنوعة اشتملت على الوثائق الإستراتيجية الأمريكية الرسمية وتصريحات الرؤساء والمسؤولين في الولايات المتحدة، كما تم الاعتماد على مقالات وتقارير وأبحاث ذات صلة. لقد تم توظيف هذه الأدبيات في وصف وتفسير وتحليل تطور السياسة الأمريكية تجاه إيران.
النتائج: لقد شهدت العلاقات الأمريكية الإيرانية عقبات هائلة جعلت كلا البلدين في حالة عداوة طويلة الأمد. هذه العقبات تجسدت بسلوك إيران الإقليمي؛ حيث تسعى إيران إلى تقوية نفوذها عبر التدخل في الشؤون الداخلية للدول، ما أدى إلى تعزيز حالة عدم الإستقرار السياسي. لمواجهة ذلك التحدي تنوعت الأساليب والأدوات التي استخدمتها الإدارات الأمريكية؛ حيث تراوحت سياسة أوباما بين الدبلوماسية والعقوبات الاقتصادية، بينما اتبعت إدارة ترامب نهجًا صارمًا تمثل في تكثيف الضغط الذي تجسد بالإنسحاب من الإتفاق النووي وإعادة فرض العقوبات الاقتصادية بهدف نهائي هو الضغط على إيران وكبح نفوذها المتزايد في المنطقة. من اللافت للنظر أن إدارة الرئيس بايدن واصلت سياسة الضغط نفسها؛ حيث أعاد بايدن فرض العقوبات على إيران وأعلن عن الرغبة الأمريكية في إعادة التفاوض بشأن إتفاق جديد قوي وشامل.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى أن هناك معوقات حالت دون التقارب الأمريكي مع إيران. قد تبدو السياسة الأمريكية غير متسقة، إلا أنها كان لديها درجة من الاستمرارية تجاه إيران. بمعنى آخر، على الرغم من تباين الأدوات التي استخدمت لمواجهة إيران، إلا أن الهدف المشترك المتفق عليه للإدارات الأمريكية هو التأثير على إيران بغية إجبارها على تغيير سياساتها الإقليمية. على الرغم من ذلك، لم تغير السياسة الأمريكية السلوك الإيراني على نحو ملحوظ، وهذا ما منع بالتالي التعزيز الواسع للعلاقات الأمريكية الإيرانية.
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التنزيلات
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 دراسات: العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية

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