التفاعلات القانونية لغير المسلمين في المحاكم الشرعيّة العثمانيّة: مراجعة أدبية سردية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2025.8666الكلمات المفتاحية:
المحاكم الشرعيّة العثمانيّة، أهل الذمّة، نظام المِلَّة، التعدّديّة الدينيّة، حقوق غير المسلمين، التسامح.الملخص
جاءت هذه الدراسة لاستقراء أبرز الدراسات المستندة إلى السجلات العثمانيّة لاستكشاف قضايا أهل الذمة وتقييم الحقوق القانونية التي تمتعوا بها.
الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف دور المحاكم الشرعيّة العثمانيّة في حماية حقوق غير المسلمين، وتقديم فهم أعمق للتفاعل القانوني بينهم وبين المسلمين في الإمبراطورية العثمانيّة، ومن ثمّ، تقييم الوضع القانوني لغير المسلمين ومدى نفيه أو تأكيده لسردية الاضطهاد الإسلامي.
المنهجية: تعتمد الدراسة على منهجيّة وصفيّة تحليليّة ومنهج استقرائي لتحليل الأدبيات المتعلقة بسجلات المحاكم العثمانيّة، استناداً إلى مصادر متعدّدة باللّغتين: الإنجليزية والتركية لفهم كيفيّة تعامل المحاكم مع قضايا غير المسلمين، مع التركيز على توثيق المعاملات القانونيّة ودور غير المسلمين في المحاكم.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أنّ المحاكم الشرعيّة العثمانيّة أدّت دورًا حيويًّا في توثيق العقود وحماية الحقوق القانونيّة لغير المسلمين، وتمكّن غير المسلمين من اللجوء إلى المحاكم بصفتهم مدّعين وشهودًا، مما يعكس ثقتهم في النظام القضائي العثماني. كما أظهرت الدراسة أنّ النظام القضائيّ العثمانيّ كان مرنًا وشاملًا، مما ساهم في تعزيز التماسك الاجتماعيّ والتفاعل بين مختلف الفئات.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى أنّ المحاكم الشرعيّة العثمانيّة قدّمت نموذجًا فريدًا لإدارة التنوّع الديني والثقافي، مما يعكس التسامح الإسلامي والتزام الدولة العثمانيّة بتوفير العدالة للجميع. تسهم هذه النتائج في تعزيز الفهم التاريخي للتعدّدية العثمانيّة، وتقديم دروس قانونيّة معاصرة يمكن الاستفادة منها في إدارة التنوّع في الدول الحديثة.
التنزيلات
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التنزيلات
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
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الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 دراسات: العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية

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