معايير اعتبار الأعراف الاجتماعية في التشريع الإسلامي وأثرها في الفتاوى الشرعية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2025.9452الكلمات المفتاحية:
أعراف اجتماعية، عرف، عادات، فتوى، مفتي.الملخص
الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان ماهية الأعراف الاجتماعية، وتحديد معايير اعتبارها من المنظور الشرعي والاجتماعي، وأثرها في تكوين الفتاوى وتغييرها.
المنهجية: استند البحث إلى المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال تتبع معنى الأعراف والعادات الاجتماعية ودلالتهما لدى علماء الشريعة والاجتماع، واستقراء عدد من الفتاوى المبنية إلى العرف في كتب التراث الفقهي، كما استند على المنهج التحليلي من خلال تحليل كلام علماء الشريعة والاجتماع حول العرف وخصائصه؛ للتوصّل إلى معايير اعتباره عندهم، وإسقاط هذه المعايير على عدد من المسائل الفقهية المعاصرة.
النتائج: توصّل البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أبرزها أنّ العرف المعتبر لدى علماء الشريعة والاجتماع يقوم على جملةٍ من المعايير لا بد من توافرها فيه، ومنها: أنّه فعل إنساني اختياري، متضمّن لمصلحة ومنفعة للأفراد، ويتّسم بالعموم والغلبة، والاضطراد والانتشار.
الخلاصة: يوجّه البحث إلى ضرورة مراعاة المفتين للأعراف السائدة في المجتمع عند النظر في الفتاوى الشرعية، وتعزيز التعاون بين علماء الشريعة والاجتماع لدراسة الظواهر الاجتماعية ومدى تأثيرها على الفتاوى الشرعية.
التنزيلات
المراجع
Aba Hasan, A. (n.d.). Legal definition of possession in wealth: Practical jurisprudential study. Riyadh: Dar Kunooz Ishbiliyah for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu Monas, R. (2004). Constants and variables in Islamic legislation (PhD dissertation). University of Jordan, Jordan.
Abu Monas, R., & Badeer, D. (2024). Elements of utility in Islamic jurisprudence. Dirasat: Sharia and Law Sciences, 51(2).
Abu Sunna, A. (1947). Custom and habit in the opinion of jurists. Egypt: Matba'at Misr.
Al-‘Umrani, Y. (2000). The statement in the school of Imam Al-Shafi'i (1st ed.). Jeddah: Dar Al-Minhaj.
Al-Abd Al-Hadi, A. (2015). Monetary gifts in celebrations: A comparative jurisprudential study. Journal of Al-Baha University for Human Sciences, 2(13).
Al-Alwani, T. (2010). Changing fatwas between discipline and fatwa. In Seminar: Towards an Original Scientific Approach for Studying Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues. Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud University.
Al-Aqiba, H., & Qurtali, H. (2021). Social customs: Concept, origin, and functions. Journal of Tishreen University for Humanities and Sciences, 43(4).
Al-Ayni, M. (1999). Explanation of the Sunan of Abu Dawood (1st ed.). Riyadh: Al-Rushd Library.
Al-Ayni, M. (2000). Al-Binayah: Explanation of Al-Hidayah (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Alazwari, A. B. M. (2023). Mandated Provisions for Financial Relations in Buying and Selling. Dirasat: Shari’a and Law Sciences, 50(1), 1–18
Al-Babarti, M. (n.d.). Explanation of Al-Hidayah. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Bahuti, M. (1993). Explanation of the ultimate revenues (1st ed.). Beirut: World of Books.
Al-Bahuti, M. (n.d.). Kashaf Al-Qan' about the text of Al-Iqna. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Bouti, M. (2009). Fundamentals of Islamic legal rulings and their characteristics. Journal of Damascus University for Economic and Legal Sciences, 25(2).
Al-Dailami, A. (2006). Iftaa: Its conditions and etiquette.
Al-Dardir, A. (n.d.). The small explanation. Beirut: Dar Al-Ma'arif.
Al-Dawlah, J. (n.d.). Jordanian Personal Status Law.
Al-Dusuqi, M. (n.d.). Marginalia of Al-Dusuqi on the large explanation. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Ghazi, M. (2003). Encyclopedia of legal rules (1st ed.). Beirut: Al-Risala Foundation.
Al-Hattab, M. (1992). Talents of Al-Jalil in explaining Al-Khalee (3rd ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Haytami, A. (n.d.). Tuhfat Al-Muhtaj fi Sharh Al-Minhaj. Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi.
Al-Ilysh, M. (1989). Granting the Jalil: Explanation of Al-Khalee's summary. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Jurjani, A. (1983). Definitions (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Juwayni, A. (2007). The end of the demands in the understanding of the school (1st ed.). Jeddah: Dar Al-Minhaj.
Al-Kasani, A. (1986). Bada'i Al-Sanai in arranging the Shari'ah (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Khursi, M. (n.d.). Explanation of Al-Khursi's summary. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Maraghi, A. (1946). Tafsir Al-Maraghi (1st ed.). Egypt: Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi and Sons Press.
Al-Mardawi, A. (n.d.). Al-Insaf fi Ma'rifat Al-Rajih min Al-Khilaf (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi.
Al-Marghinani, A. (n.d.). Al-Hidayah fi Sharh Bidayat Al-Mubtadi. Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi.
Al-Masa'id, K. (2010). Customs of weddings and funerals in Jordanian society: A comparative jurisprudential study (Unpublished master's thesis). Al al-Bayt University, Jordan.
Al-Mawardi, A. (n.d.). The great Al-Hawi. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Muwaq, M. (1994). Al-Taj wa Al-Ikleel li-Mukhtasar Khalil (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Nawawi, Y. (1991). Rawdat Al-Talibin wa Umdat Al-Muftin (3rd ed.). Beirut: Al-Maktab Al-Islami.
Al-Nawawi, Y. (2005). Minhaj Al-Talibin wa Umdat Al-Muftin fi Al-Fiqh (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Qadi Abd Al-Wahhab. (n.d.). Assistance in the school of the people of Medina. Makkah: The Commercial Library.
Al-Qarafi, A. (1994). The treasure (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami.
Al-Qurtubi, M. (2003). The comprehensive for the rulings of the Qur'an. Riyadh: Dar Al-Alam.
Al-Rahmani, I. (2015). Custom between legislative function and social transformation challenges. Journal of Islamic Research, 50(1).
Al-Sakhawi, M. (2003). Opening the helper by explaining the poetic text of hadith (1st ed.). Egypt: Library of the Sunnah.
Al-Sarakhsi, M. (2000). Al-Mabsut (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Shafi'i, A. (n.d.). Al-Risala.
Al-Shatibi, I. (1997). Al-Muwafaqat (1st ed.). Dar Ibn Afan.
Al-Shaybani, A. (n.d.). Nailing the objectives by explaining the student's guide (1st ed.). Kuwait: Al-Falah Library.
Al-Shirazi, I. (n.d.). Al-Mahzab in the jurisprudence of Imam Al-Shafi'i. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Shurbini, M. (1994). Al-Mughni for knowing the terms of the needy (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Shurwani, A. (1983). The marginalia of Al-Shurwani. (n.d.). Beirut: Dar Iḥyā' Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabī.
Al-Suyuti, A. (1994). The similarities and analogies (1st ed.). Beirut: Foundation of Cultural Books.
Al-Zarqa, A. (1989). Explanation of legal rules (2nd ed.). Syria: Dar Al-Qalam.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (1985). Theory of legal necessity (4th ed.). Beirut: Al-Risala Foundation.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (n.d.). Islamic jurisprudence and its evidence (4th ed.). Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr.
Amer, F. (2020). Legal possession: Its forms and contemporary applications. Journal of Islamic Studies, 9(1).
Badawi, A. (n.d.). Dictionary of social science terms. Lebanon: Library of Lebanon.
Ben Lahcen, A. (2023). The contribution of a working wife to family expenses: Between choice and obligation. Dirasat: Sharia and Law Sciences, 50(3).
Bin Gharib, R. (2021). The rulings of deception in positive law and Islamic jurisprudence. Journal of Legal and Political Research, 6(1).
Bin Majah, M. (n.d.). Sunan Ibn Majah. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Dawood, H., & Boul, S. (2022). Smart contracts used in blockchain: A jurisprudential study. Dirasat: Sharia and Law Sciences, 49(2).
Haidar, A. (1991). Pearls of rulings in explaining the magazine of rulings (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Jil.
Ibn Abd Al-Barr, Y. (1980). The sufficient in the jurisprudence of the people of Medina (2nd ed.). Riyadh: Al-Riyadh Modern Library.
Ibn Abidin, M. (1907). Publishing the custom in establishing some rulings on custom. Istanbul: Dar Sa'adat.
Ibn Abidin, M. (1992). Refuting the ignorant on the clear distinction (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Ibn Al-Hamam, K. (n.d.). Sharh Fath Al-Qadeer. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Ibn Al-Qayyim, M. (n.d.). Informing the site about the Lord of the Worlds (1st ed.). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi.
Ibn Faris, A. (2002). The standards of language. Syria: Arab Writers Union.
Ibn Hamdan, A. (1976). The attributes of fatwa, the mufti, and the inquirer (3rd ed.). Beirut: Islamic Office.
Ibn Hanbal, A. (2001). Musnad Ahmad (1st ed.). Al-Risala Foundation.
Ibn Khaldun, A. (1981). The introduction of Ibn Khaldun (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Ibn Manzur, M. (1993). Lisan Al-Arab (3rd ed.). Beirut: Dar Sader.
Ibn Muflih, I. (1997). Al-Mubdi' fi Sharh Al-Muqni' (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Muflih, I. (2003). Al-Furu' (1st ed.). Beirut: Al-Resalah Foundation.
Ibn Nujaym, Z. (1999). Al-Ashbah wa Al-Naza'ir (1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Nujaym, Z. (n.d.). Al-Bahr Al-Raiq Sharh Kanz Al-Daqaiq (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Islami.
Ibn Qudamah, A. (1997). Al-Mughni (3rd ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al-Alam Al-Kutub.
Ibn Qudamah, A. (2002). Al-Muqni' in the jurisprudence of Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (1st ed.). Jeddah: Al-Suwadi Library for Distribution.
Ibn Rushd, M. (2004). The distinguished jurist's primer. Cairo: Dar Al-Hadith.
Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1995). Collected fatwas. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an.
Islamic Fiqh Academy. (2006). Iftaa.
Kazem, S. (n.d.). The effect of custom in legal reasoning.
Khallat, M., & Khallat, A. (2021). The gift of reward and its relation to monetary gifts. Journal of Islamic Studies for Legal and Shari'ah Studies, 29(3).
Khilaf, A. (n.d.). Science of Usul Al-Fiqh (8th ed.). Damascus: Dar Al-Qalam.
Morsi, M. (n.d.). Studies on the problems of social control. [Note: Missing publication year and publisher.]
Mshoush, S. (2021). The concept of custom and its authority: A critical usual study in light of human civilization. Al-Asalah Journal for Studies and Research, 3(6), 44–45.
Shalabi, M. (1983). Rulings on prisoners in Islam. Beirut: University Publishing House.
Zaidan, A. (2004). The concise guide to the principles of jurisprudence. Beirut: Al-Resalah Foundation.
التنزيلات
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 دراسات: العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
##plugins.generic.dates.accepted## 2025-01-05
##plugins.generic.dates.published## 2025-06-22

