الحرفيون والصوفيون ودورهم في الإدارة والحياة الاجتماعية والفنون المعمارية في العصر المملوكي الثاني (784-922ه/ 1382-1517م)

Fawzi Khalid Ali  Al Twahya

doi:10.35516/hum.v50i6.1623

Authors

Fawzi Khalid Ali Al Twahya Department of History, School of Arts, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-0057

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i6.1623

Keywords:

Craftsmen, Sufism, architects, architectural arts, Ibn al-Nahhas

Abstract

Objectives: During the second Mamluk era, this study first sought to clarify the role that craftsmen and Sufis played in administration and social life, and, then, secondly, to determine to what extent they held high positions within the Mamluk administration.

Methods: Using the historical approach, the study collected information from primary sources and modern references, compared them, analyzed them, and then consequently relinked and formulated them.

Results: The results showed the extent of craftsmen's and Sufis' power and their role in administration and social life. It also showed that the arrival of these artisans and Sufi phenomena was a natural consequence of the Mamluks' continued patronage of charitable and Sufi educational institutions that educated the lower classes and encouraged them to enter the administration, and qualify for work in state institutions, and thus progress up the social ladder to gain wealth and power, as witnessed by Ibn Nakhhas. The results also showed that artisans' arrival as scholars and thinkers had no appreciable effect on the status of art and artists, and the handcrafted works of art they created had no effect on their coming and eventual attainment of great power until they reached the point of seizing power. Sufi sheikhs, akin to craftsmen, became influential figures, respected by both the ruling class and the common people.

Conclusions: The study concluded that crafts and arts would not have received attention and follow-up among historians had it not been for the accession of their owners to power.

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