كشف الذات الإلكتروني وعلاقته بقوة الأنا لدى طلبة الجامعة الأردنية

Mohammad Khalaf Alkhawaldeh

doi:10.35516/Hum.2026.9418

Authors

Mohammad Khalaf Alkhawaldeh Department of Counseling and Special Education, School of Educational Sciences, Jordan University, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2479-4012

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/Hum.2026.9418

Keywords:

online Self-Disclosure, Ego Strength, University Students

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to explore the relationship between online self-disclosure and ego strength among students at the University of Jordan.

Methods: A descriptive correlational approach was adopted, with a sample of 309 students. To achieve the study's objectives, two scales were developed: one for online self-disclosure and another for ego strength. The psychometric properties of both scales were verified.

Results: The findings indicated that the level of both positive and negative online self-disclosure was high, while the level of ego strength was moderate. A positive correlation was found between online self-disclosure and ego strength. Additionally, the results showed that first- and second-year students exhibited higher levels of online self-disclosure compared to third- and fourth-year students, whereas male students displayed higher ego strength levels than female students.

Conclusions: The study recommends designing and implementing counseling programs for university students to promote appropriate and balanced online self-disclosure and to strengthen ego resilience.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akers, C. (2018). The relationship between frequency of online self-disclosure, time spent on social media and interpersonal relationship satisfaction (Unpublished dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Bareket-Bojmel, L., & Shahar, G. (2011). Emotional and interpersonal consequences of self-disclosure in a lived, online interaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(7), 732-759. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.7.732

Chen, L., Hu, N., Shu, C., & Chen, X. (2019). Adult attachment and self-disclosure on social networking sites: A content analysis of Sina Weibo. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 96-105.

Corey, G. (2009). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

Cyranka, K., Rutkowski, K., Mielimąka, M., Sobański, J. A., Klasa, K., Müldner-Nieckowski, Ł., Dembińska, E., Smiatek-Mazgaj, B., & Rodziński, P. (2018). Changes in ego strength in patients with neurotic and personality disorders treated with a short-term comprehensive psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychiatria Pol, 52(1), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/40020

Dhir, A., Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Budhiraja, S., & Islam, N. (2021). The dark side of social media: Stalking, online self-disclosure and problematic sleep. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(6), 1373–1391. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12659

Farinosi, M., & Taipale, S. (2018). Who can see my stuff? Online self-disclosure and gender differences on Facebook. Observatorio (OBS), 12*(1), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS12120181129

Gfellner, B. M., & Cordoba, A. I. (2017). Identity problems, ego strengths, perceived stress, and adjustment during contextual changes at university. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 17(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2016.1268961

Hui, W., & Xuegang, W. (2019). A review of research on network self-disclosure. Modern Communication, (4), 239–241. https://doi.org/CNKI: SUN: XKJJ.0.2019-04-130

Jabeen, S. (2014). A study of values and ego strength in intermediate students of working mothers. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 5(11), 1369-1372.

Jourard, S. M. (1971). Self-disclosure: An experimental analysis of the transparent self. Wiley-Interscience.

Kanwal, S., Pitafi, A., Akhtar, S., & Irfan, M. (2019). Online self-disclosure through social networking sites addiction: A case study of Pakistani university students. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 17(1-B), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.17.1.18

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Lee, J., Gillath, O., & Miller, A. (2019). Effects of self- and partner’s online disclosure on relationship intimacy and satisfaction. PLOS ONE, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212186

Lin, R., Levordashka, A., & Utz, S. (2016). Ambient intimacy on Twitter. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 10(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2016-1-6

Madhunanda. (2020). Study of effect of ego-strength on dimensions of adjustment. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 8(10), 4010-4015.

Markstrom, C. A., Sabino, V. M., Turner, B. J., & Berman, R. C. (1997). The psychosocial inventory of ego strengths: Development and validation of a new Eriksonian measure. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6), 705-732. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022348709532

Mesch, G. S., & Beker, G. (2010). Are norms of disclosure of online and offline personal information associated with the disclosure of personal information online? Human Communication Research, 36(4), 570-592.

Mısır, S., Demir, A., & Koydemir, S. (2020). The relationship between perceived interpersonal competence and self-disclosure in an online context: The moderating role of shyness. International Journal of Psychology, 55(4), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12623

Piko, B., Kiss, H., Rátky, D., & Fitzpatrick, K. (2022). Relationships among depression, online self-disclosure, social media addiction, and other psychological variables among Hungarian university students. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 210, 818–823. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001563

Ruppel, E. K., Gross, C., Stoll, A., Peck, B. S., Allen, M., & Kim, S. Y. (2017). Reflecting on connecting: Meta-analysis of differences between computer-mediated and face-to-face self-disclosure. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 22, 18–34.

Schlosser, A. E. (2020). Self-disclosure versus self-presentation on social media. Current Opinion in Psychology, 31(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.025

Settineri, S., Mento, C., Santoro, D., Mallamace, A., Bellinghieri, G., Savica, V., Ricciardi, B., Castellino, S., & Mallamace, D. (2012). Ego strength and health: An empiric study in hemodialysis patients. Health, 4, 1328-1333. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2012.412194

Shepherd, R. M., & Edelman, R. J. (2009). The interrelationship of social anxiety with anxiety, depression, locus of control, ways of coping, and ego strength among university students. College Quarterly, 12(2), 2.

Subhashro, A. (2017). A comparative study of ego strength among rural women. International Innovative Journal, 1(2), 351-356.

Trama, S. (2019). Spiritual transcendence, religiosity, ego strength, and self-actualization: A study of gender differences in adulthood. IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, 7(3), 393–401.

Volkova, S., & Bachrach, Y. (2015). On predicting sociodemographic traits and emotions from communications in social networks and their implications to online self-disclosure. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(12), 726–736. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0609

المراجع العربية مترجمة

Abboud, M., Al-Qattan, A., & Ahmed, H. (2022). Relationship between the exposure of university youth to the Instagram website and their level of self-disclosure. Scientific Journal of Educational and Qualitative Research, 19, 353–380.

Abdel Hamid, J., & Kafafi, A. (1988). Dictionary of psychology and psychiatry. Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya.

Abdulaziz, S., & Hammoud, M. (2024). Ego strength as a modified variable of the relationship between psychological stress and psychological problems among university students. Tibyan Journal of Educational and Social Sciences, 4(1), 7–48.

Abood, M., & Idri, N. (2020). The relationship between religious commitment and ego strength among a sample of Hashemite University students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 14(3), 398–416.

Al-Jobour, F., & Lababneh, S. (2022). Self-disclosure at pre-marriage stage and its relationship to marital adjustment among health sector employees in Irbid Governorate. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 49(3), 148–168. https://doi.org/10.35516/edu.v49i3.1972

Bani Melhem, A., & Al-Twalbeh, F. (2020). Self-disclosure and its relationship to self-efficacy and the ability to solve problems among student counselees. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 47(2), 402–418.

Nujiedat, Z. (2009). Academic achievement as related to locus of control and ego strength among a sample of Yarmouk University students in light of some variables (Unpublished master’s thesis). Yarmouk University, Jordan.