Mindfulness and Its Relationship to Moral Anxiety among Adolescents in Jordan

Authors

  • Emad Alzubi Al-Balqa Applied University/Princess Rahma University College
  • Omar Al-Adamat Ministry of Education

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i4.2089

Keywords:

Mindfulness, moral anxiety, adolescents

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the mindfulness level in terms of gender and academic achievement and its relationship to moral anxiety among adolescents. The study was conducted on a sample consisted of (390) adolescents’ students in Al-Salt city, Jordan. Two scales were used in the study, the mindfulness scale, and the moral anxiety scale. The study found that female adolescents have higher mindfulness levels compared to male adolescents who recorded a medium level and that the adolescents with higher academic achievement have higher mindfulness levels compared with those who have lower academic achievement. Furthermore, results exhibited a negative statistically significant correlation between mindfulness and moral anxiety as the mindfulness constituents (non-judging of experience, acting with awareness, and non-reactivity to inner experience) contribute to moral anxiety reduction among adolescents.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-TR (4th). Washington, DC: Author.

Araas, T. E. (2008). Associations of mindfulness perceived stress, and health behaviors in college freshmen. Arizona State University.‏

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.‏

Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (2005). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. Basic Books.‏

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 11(3), 230-241.‏

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(4), 822-848.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237.‏

Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204-223.‏

Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1(3), 177-182.‏

Cernetic, M. (2011). Kjer je bil id, tam naj bo... čuječnost-Nepresojajoče zavedanje in psihoterapija. KAIROS--Slovenian Journal of Psychotherapy, 5(3-4), 23-34.‏

Cernetic, M. (2016). The relationship between anxiety and mindfulness: The role of mindfulness facets, implicit anxiety, and the problem of measuring anxiety by self-report. Psihologija, 49(2), 169-183.‏

Dekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008). Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Personality and individual differences, 44(5), 1235-1245.‏

Desrosiers, A., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Mapping mindfulness facets onto dimensions of anxiety and depression. Behavior therapy, 44(3), 373-384.‏

Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Curtiss, J., & Klemanski, D. H. (2014). Observing nonreactive: A conditional process model linking mindfulness facets, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 165, 31–37.

Dubert, C. J., Schumacher, A. M., Locker, L., Gutierrez, A. P., & Barnes, V. A. (2016). Mindfulness and emotion regulation among nursing students: Investigating the mediation effect of working memory capacity. Mindfulness, 7(5), 1061-1070.‏

Fetterman, A. K., Robinson, M. D., Ode, S., & Gordon, K. H. (2010). Neuroticism as a risk factor for behavioral dysregulation: A mindfulness-mediation perspective. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(3), 301-321.‏

Germer, C. K. (2005). Anxiety disorders: Befriending fear. In C. K. Germer, R. D. Siegel & P. R. Fulton (Eds.). Mindfulness and psychotherapy (pp. 152-172). New York: Guildford Press.

Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, Big Five personality, and affect: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 805-811.‏

Greeson, J., & Brantley, J. (2009). Mindfulness and anxiety disorders: Developing a wise relationship with the inner experience of fear. In Clinical Handbook of mindfulness (pp. 171-188). Springer, New York, NY.‏

Grow, J. C., Collins, S. E., Harrop, E. N., & Marlatt, G. A. (2015). Enactment of home practice following mindfulness-based relapse prevention and its association with substance-use outcomes. Addictive behaviors, 40(1), 16-20.‏

Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255-262.‏

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(2), 169-183.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2004). Full catastrophe living: How to cope with stress, pain, and illness using mindfulness meditation. New York: NY: Bantam Dell.

Kohls, N., Sauer, S., & Walach, H. (2009). Facets of mindfulness–Results of an online study investigating the Freiburg mindfulness inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 224-230.‏

Lawrence, R., Good, Katherine, C, Good. (1976). Moral Anxiety Questionnaire.

Lykins, E. L., & Baer, R. A. (2009). Psychological functioning in a sample of long-term practitioners of mindfulness meditation. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3), 226-241.‏

Mace, C. (2008). Mindfulness and mental health: Therapy, theory, and science. Routledge.‏

Masrour, M. J., Aerabsheybani, H., Ramezani, N. & Aerabsheybani, K. (2017). The Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in increasing infertile couples' resilience and reducing anxiety, stress, and depression. Neuroquantology, 15(3), 94-100.

McLean, P. D., & Woody, S. R. (2001). Anxiety disorders in adults: An evidence-based approach to psychological treatment. Oxford University Press.‏

Miller, J.I, (2011). Teaching mindfulness to individuals with schizophrenia, Theses, Dissertations, professional papers. Paper 949.

Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.‏

Ostafin, B. D., Brooks, J. J., & Laitem, M. (2014). Affective reactivity mediates an inverse relationship between mindfulness and anxiety. Mindfulness, 5(5), 520-528.‏

Pidgeon, A. M., Ford, L., & Klaassen, F. (2014). Evaluating the effectiveness of enhancing resilience in human service professionals using a retreat-based Mindfulness with Metta Training Program: a randomised control trial. Psychology, health & medicine, 19(3), 355-364.‏

Rasmussen, M. K., & Pidgeon, A. M. (2011). The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24(2), 227-233.‏

‏ Rachman, S. (2004). Anxiety. New York: Psychology Press.

Roemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. Behavior therapy, 40(2), 142-154.‏

Sabir, F., Ramzan, N., & Malik, F. (2018). Resilience, self-compassion, mindfulness, and emotional well-being of doctors. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(1), 55-59.‏

Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of clinical psychology, 62(3), 373-386.‏

Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of behavioral medicine, 21(6), 581-599.‏

Soysa, C. K., & Wilcomb, C. J. (2015). Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. Mindfulness, 6(2), 217-226.‏

Tran, U. S., Glück, T. M., & Nader, I. W. (2013). Investigating the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ): Construction of a short form and evidence of a two‐factor higher-order structure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 951-965.‏

Vøllestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(4), 281-288.‏

Walsh, J. J., Balint, M. G., SJ, D. R. S., Fredericksen, L. K., & Madsen, S. (2009). Predicting individual differences in mindfulness: The role of trait anxiety, attachment anxiety, and attentional control. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 94-99.‏

Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of research in personality, 43(3), 374-385.‏

Downloads

Published

2022-07-30

How to Cite

Alzubi, E. ., & Al-Adamat, O. . (2022). Mindfulness and Its Relationship to Moral Anxiety among Adolescents in Jordan. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 49(4), 390–399. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i4.2089

Issue

Section

Articles