دور ChatGPT في التعليم العالي - مراجعة منهجية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/edu.v51i3.7167الكلمات المفتاحية:
ChatGPT، الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي، التعليم العاليالملخص
الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرف الفوائد والسلبيات المحتملة من استخدام ChatGPT في التعليم العالي، بالإضافة إلى تحديد الإجراءات التي يجب أن تتخذها مؤسسات التعليم العالي لضمان دمجه في التعليم بشكل مسؤول وفعّال.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة طريقة المراجعة المنهجية للدراسات خلال السنة الأولى من إصدار ChatGPT (من يناير 2023 إلى ديسمبر 2023). وتم اختيار قاعدة بياناتScoups واتباع ملحق PRISMA في تحديد الدراسات المناسبة، حيث تم اختيار 26 دراسة لتضمينها في المراجعة المنهجية الحالية.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة مجموعة من فوائد استخدام ChatGPT في التعليم العالي، تمثلت في: دعم التعلم الذاتي، ودعم التعلم المخصص، وتحسين مهارات الكتابة، وتقديم النصائح والمشورة، ودعم التعلم عن بعد، وتحسين أداء الطلبة وزيادة الإنتاجية، وتخفيف العبء عن أعضاء هيئة التدريس، ودعم البحث العلمي. كما أظهرت النتائج مجموعة من السلبيات التي تمثلت في: تهديد النزاهة الأكاديمية، والاعتماد المفرط على التكنولوجيا، وتهديد الخصوصية والأمان، وتوليد المعلومات الخاطئة، والتحيز. كما أشارت النتائج إلى مجموعة من الإجراءات التي من شأنها ضمان استخدامه بشكل فعال في مؤسسات التعليم العالي مثل: ضمان المساواة في الاستخدام، وتوفير التدريب على الاستخدام، وتطوير طرائق التقييم، والارتقاء بالمهارات، وضمان الخصوصية والأمان.
الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من الإجراءات والأطر التي تؤدي إلى الاستفادة من فوائد هذه الأداة، وتجنب آثارها السلبية، ووضع البرامج والخطط لتنفيذ الاجراءات المتعلقة بدمج ChatGPT في التعليم العالي.
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